The Seagull

By Anton Chekhov.

Translated by Constance Garnett.

Imprint

This ebook is the product of many hours of hard work by volunteers for Standard Ebooks, and builds on the hard work of other literature lovers made possible by the public domain.

This particular ebook is based on digital scans from various sources.

The source text and artwork in this ebook are believed to be in the United States public domain; that is, they are believed to be free of copyright restrictions in the United States. They may still be copyrighted in other countries, so users located outside of the United States must check their local laws before using this ebook. The creators of, and contributors to, this ebook dedicate their contributions to the worldwide public domain via the terms in the CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. For full license information, see the Uncopyright at the end of this ebook.

Standard Ebooks is a volunteer-driven project that produces ebook editions of public domain literature using modern typography, technology, and editorial standards, and distributes them free of cost. You can download this and other ebooks carefully produced for true book lovers at standardebooks.org.

Characters in the Play

Irina Nikolayevna Arkadin (Madame Treplev) (an actress)

Konstantin Gavrilovitch Treplev (her son, a young man)

Pyotr Nikolayevitch Sorin (her brother)

Nina Mihailovna Zaretchny (a young girl, the daughter of a wealthy landowner)

Ilya Afanasyevitch Shamraev (a retired lieutenant, Sorin’s steward)

Polina Andreyevna (his wife)

Masha (his daughter)

Boris Alexeyevitch Trigorin (a literary man)

Yevgeny Sergeyevitch Dorn (a doctor)

Semyon Semyonovitch Medvedenko (a schoolmaster)

Yakov (a labourer)

A Man Cook

A Housemaid

The action takes place in Sorin’s house and garden. Between the Third and the Fourth Acts there is an interval of two years.

The Seagull

A Comedy in Four Acts

Act I

Part of the park on Sorin’s estate. Wide avenue leading away from the spectators into the depths of the park towards the lake is blocked up by a platform roughly put together for private theatricals, so that the lake is not visible. To right and left of the platform, bushes. A few chairs, a little table.

The sun has just set. Yakov and other labourers are at work on the platform behind the curtain; there is the sound of coughing and hammering. Masha and Medvedenko enter on the left, returning from a walk.

Medvedenko
Why do you always wear black?

Masha
I am in mourning for my life. I am unhappy.

Medvedenko
Why? Pondering. I don’t understand.﻿ ﻿… You are in good health; though your father is not very well off, he has got enough. My life is much harder than yours. I only get twenty-three roubles a month, and from that they deduct something for the pension fund, and yet I don’t wear mourning. They sit down.

Masha
It isn’t money that matters. A poor man may be happy.

Medvedenko
Theoretically, yes; but in practice it’s like this: there are my two sisters and my mother and my little brother and I, and my salary is only twenty-three roubles. We must eat and drink, mustn’t we? One must have tea and sugar. One must have tobacco. It’s a tight fit.

Masha
Looking round at the platform. The play will soon begin.

Medvedenko
Yes. Miss Zaretchny will act: it is Konstantin Gavrilitch’s play. They are in love with each other and today their souls will be united in the effort to realise the same artistic effect. But your soul and mine have not a common point of contact. I love you. I am so wretched I can’t stay at home. Every day I walk four miles here and four miles back and I meet with nothing but indifference from you. I can quite understand it. I am without means and have a big family to keep.﻿ ﻿… Who would care to marry a man who hasn’t a penny to bless himself with?

Masha
Oh, nonsense! Takes a pinch of snuff. Your love touches me, but I can’t reciprocate it﻿—that’s all. Holding out the snuffbox to him. Help yourself.

Medvedenko
I don’t feel like it a pause.

Masha
How stifling it is! There must be a storm coming.﻿ ﻿… You’re always discussing theories or talking about money. You think there is no greater misfortune than poverty, but to my mind it is a thousand times better to go in rags and be a beggar than﻿ ﻿… But you wouldn’t understand that, though.﻿ ﻿…

Sorin and Treplev enter on the right.

Sorin
Leaning on his walking-stick. I am never quite myself in the country, my boy, and, naturally enough, I shall never get used to it. Last night I went to bed at ten and woke up this morning at nine feeling as though my brain were glued to my skull, through sleeping so long laughs. And after dinner I accidentally dropped off again, and now I am utterly shattered and feel as though I were in a nightmare, in fact.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
Yes, you really ought to live in town. Catches sight of Masha and Medvedenko. When the show begins, my friends, you will be summoned, but you mustn’t be here now. You must please go away.

Sorin
To Masha. Marya Ilyinishna, will you be so good as to ask your papa to tell them to take the dog off the chain?﻿—it howls. My sister could not sleep again last night.

Masha
Speak to my father yourself; I am not going to. Please don’t ask me. To Medvedenko. Come along!

Medvedenko
To Treplev. So you will send and let us know before it begins. Both go out.

Sorin
So I suppose the dog will be howling all night again. What a business it is! I have never done as I liked in the country. In old days I used to get leave for twenty-eight days and come here for a rest and so on, but they worried me so with all sorts of trifles that before I had been here two days I was longing to be off again laughs. I’ve always been glad to get away from here.﻿ ﻿… But now I am on the retired list, and I have nowhere else to go, as a matter of fact. I’ve got to live here whether I like it or not.﻿ ﻿…

Yakov
To Treplev. We are going to have a bathe, Konstantin Gavrilitch.

Treplev
Very well; but don’t be more than ten minutes looks at his watch. It will soon begin.

Yakov
Yes, sir goes out.

Treplev
Looking round the stage. Here is our theatre. The curtain, then the first wing, then the second, and beyond that﻿—open space. No scenery of any sort. There is an open view of the lake and the horizon. We shall raise the curtain at exactly half-past eight, when the moon rises.

Sorin
Magnificent.

Treplev
If Nina is late it will spoil the whole effect. It is time she was here. Her father and her stepmother keep a sharp eye on her, and it is as hard for her to get out of the house as to escape from prison puts his uncle’s cravat straight. Your hair and your beard are very untidy. They want clipping or something.﻿ ﻿…

Sorin
Combing out his beard. It’s the tragedy of my life. Even as a young man I looked as though I had been drinking for days or something of the sort. I was never a favourite with the ladies sitting down. Why is your mother out of humour?

Treplev
Why? Because she is bored sitting down beside him. She is jealous. She is set against me, and against the performance, and against my play because Nina is acting in it, and she is not. She does not know my play, but she hates it.

Sorin
Laughs. What an idea!

Treplev
She is annoyed to think that even on this little stage Nina will have a triumph and not she looks at his watch. My mother is a psychological freak. Unmistakably talented, intelligent, capable of sobbing over a book, she will reel off all Nekrassov by heart; as a sick nurse she is an angel; but just try praising Duse in her presence! O‑ho! You must praise no one but herself, you must write about her, make a fuss over her, be in raptures over her extraordinary acting in La Dame aux Camélias or the Ferment of Life; but she has none of this narcotic in the country, she is bored and cross, and we are all her enemies﻿—we are all in fault. Then she is superstitious﻿—she is afraid of three candles, of the number thirteen. She is stingy. She has got seventy thousand roubles in a bank at Odessa﻿—I know that for a fact﻿—but ask her to lend you some money, and she will burst into tears.

Sorin
You imagine your mother does not like your play, and you are already upset and all that. Don’t worry; your mother adores you.

Treplev
Pulling the petals off a flower. Loves me, loves me not; loves me, loves me not; loves me, loves me not laughs. You see, my mother does not love me. I should think not! She wants to live, to love, to wear light blouses; and I am twenty-five, and I am a continual reminder that she is no longer young. When I am not there she is only thirty-two, but when I am there she is forty-three, and for that she hates me. She knows, too, that I have no belief in the theatre. She loves the stage, she fancies she is working for humanity, for the holy cause of art, while to my mind the modern theatre is nothing but tradition and conventionality. When the curtain goes up, and by artificial light, in a room with three walls, these great geniuses, the devotees of holy art, represent how people eat, drink, love, move about, and wear their jackets; when from these commonplace sentences and pictures they try to draw a moral﻿—a petty moral, easy of comprehension and convenient for domestic use; when in a thousand variations I am offered the same thing over and over again﻿—I run away as Maupassant ran away from the Eiffel Tower which weighed upon his brain with its vulgarity.

Sorin
You can’t do without the stage.

Treplev
We need new forms of expression. We need new forms, and if we can’t have them we had better have nothing looks at his watch. I love my mother﻿—I love her very much﻿—but she leads a senseless sort of life, always taken up with this literary gentleman, her name is always trotted out in the papers﻿—and that wearies me. And sometimes the simple egoism of an ordinary mortal makes me feel sorry that my mother is a celebrated actress, and I fancy that if she were an ordinary woman I should be happier. Uncle, what could be more hopeless and stupid than my position? She used to have visitors, all celebrities﻿—artists and authors﻿—and among them all I was the only one who was nothing, and they only put up with me because I was her son. Who am I? What am I? I left the University in my third year﻿—owing to circumstances “for which we accept no responsibility,” as the editors say; I have no talents, I haven’t a penny of my own, and on my passport I am described as an artisan of Kiev. You know my father was an artisan of Kiev, though he too was a well-known actor. So, when in her drawing-room all these artists and authors graciously noticed me, I always fancied from their faces that they were taking the measure of my insignificance﻿—I guessed their thoughts and suffered from the humiliation.﻿ ﻿…

Sorin
And, by the way, can you tell me, please, what sort of man this literary gentleman is? There’s no making him out. He never says anything.

Treplev
He is an intelligent man, good-natured and rather melancholy, you know. A very decent fellow. He is still a good distance off forty, but he is already celebrated and has enough and to spare of everything. As for his writings﻿ ﻿… what shall I say? They are charming, full of talent, but﻿ ﻿… after Tolstoy or Zola you do not care to read Trigorin.

Sorin
Well, I am fond of authors, my boy. At one time I had a passionate desire for two things: I wanted to get married, and I wanted to become an author; but I did not succeed in doing either. Yes, it is pleasant to be even a small author, as a matter of fact.

Treplev
Listens. I hear steps﻿ ﻿… embraces his uncle. I cannot live without her.﻿ ﻿… The very sound of her footsteps is lovely.﻿ ﻿… I am wildly happy goes quickly to meet Nina Zaretchny as she enters. My enchantress﻿—my dream.﻿ ﻿…

Nina
In agitation. I am not late.﻿ ﻿… Of course I am not late.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
Kissing her hands. No, no, no!

Nina
I have been uneasy all day. I was so frightened. I was afraid father would not let me come.﻿ ﻿… But he has just gone out with my stepmother. The sky is red, the moon is just rising, and I kept urging on the horse laughs. But I am glad shakes Sorin’s hand warmly.

Sorin
Laughs. Your eyes look as though you have been crying.﻿ ﻿… Fie, fie! That’s not right!

Nina
Oh, it was nothing.﻿ ﻿… You see how out of breath I am. I have to go in half an hour. We must make haste. I can’t stay, I can’t! For God’s sake don’t keep me! My father doesn’t know I am here.

Treplev
It really is time to begin. We must go and call the others.

Sorin
I’ll go this minute goes to the right, singing “To France Two Grenadiers.” Looks round. Once I sang like that, and a deputy prosecutor said to me, “You have a powerful voice, your Excellency”; then he thought a little and added, “but not a pleasant one.” Laughs and goes off.

Nina
My father and his wife won’t let me come here. They say it is so Bohemian here﻿ ﻿… they are afraid I shall go on the stage.﻿ ﻿… But I feel drawn to the lake here like a seagull.﻿ ﻿… My heart is full of you looks round.

Treplev
We are alone.

Nina
I fancy there is someone there.

Treplev
There’s nobody. They kiss.

Nina
What tree is this?

Treplev
An elm.

Nina
Why is it so dark?

Treplev
It’s evening; everything is getting dark. Don’t go away early, I entreat you!

Nina
I must.

Treplev
And if I come to you, Nina, I’ll stand in the garden all night, watching your window.

Nina
You can’t; the watchman would notice you. Trésor is not used to you, and he would bark.

Treplev
I love you!

Nina
Sh‑h.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
Hearing footsteps. Who is there? You, Yakov?

Yakov
Behind the stage. Yes, sir.

Treplev
Take your places. It’s time to begin. Is the moon rising?

Yakov
Yes, sir.

Treplev
Have you got the methylated spirit? Have you got the sulphur? When the red eyes appear there must be a smell of sulphur. To Nina. Go, it’s all ready. Are you nervous?

Nina
Yes, awfully! Your mother is all right﻿—I am not afraid of her﻿—but there’s Trigorin﻿ ﻿… I feel frightened and ashamed of acting before him﻿ ﻿… a celebrated author.﻿ ﻿… Is he young?

Treplev
Yes.

Nina
How wonderful his stories are.

Treplev
Coldly. I don’t know. I haven’t read them.

Nina
It is difficult to act in your play. There are no living characters in it.

Treplev
Living characters! One must depict life not as it is, and not as it ought to be, but as we see it in our dreams.

Nina
There is very little action in your play﻿—nothing but speeches. And to my mind there ought to be love in a play. Both go behind the stage.

Enter Polina Andreyevna and Dorn.

Polina
It is getting damp. Go back and put on your goloshes.

Dorn
I am hot.

Polina
You don’t take care of yourself. It’s obstinacy. You are a doctor, and you know perfectly well that damp air is bad for you, but you want to make me miserable; you sat out on the verandah all yesterday evening on purpose.﻿ ﻿…

Dorn
Hums. “Do not say that youth is ruined.”

Polina
You were so absorbed in conversation with Irina Nikolayevna﻿ ﻿… you did not notice the cold. Own up﻿ ﻿… you are attracted by her.

Dorn
I am fifty-five.

Polina
Nonsense! That’s not old for a man. You look very young for your age, and are still attractive to women.

Dorn
Well, what would you have?

Polina
All you men are ready to fall down and worship an actress, all of you!

Dorn
Hums. “Before thee once again I stand.” If artists are liked in society and treated differently from merchants, for example, that’s only in the nature of things. It’s idealism.

Polina
Women have always fallen in love with you and thrown themselves on your neck. Is that idealism too?

Dorn
Shrugs his shoulders. Well, in the attitude of women to me there has been a great deal that was good. What they principally loved in me was a first-rate doctor. You remember that ten or fifteen years ago I was the only decent accoucheur in the district. Then, too, I have always been an honest man.

Polina
Seizes him by the hand. Dearest!

Dorn
Sh‑h! They are coming.

Enter Madame Arkadin arm in arm with Sorin, Trigorin, Shamraev, Medvedenko and Masha.

Shamraev
In the year 1873 she acted marvellously at the fair at Poltava. It was a delight! She acted exquisitely! Do you happen to know, madam, where Pavel Semyonitch Tchadin, a comic actor, is now? His Rasplyuev was inimitable, even finer than Sadovsky’s, I assure you, honoured lady. Where is he now?

Madame Arkadin
You keep asking me about antediluvians. How should I know? Sits down.

Shamraev
With a sigh. Pashka Tchadin! There are no such actors now. The stage has gone down, Irina Nikolayevna! In old days there were mighty oaks, but now we see nothing but stumps.

Dorn
There are few actors of brilliant talents nowadays, that’s true; but the average level of acting is far higher than it was.

Shamraev
I can’t agree with you. But, of course, it’s a matter of taste. De gustibus aut bene aut nihil.

Treplev comes out from behind the stage.

Madame Arkadin
To her son. My dear son, when is it going to begin?

Treplev
In a minute. I beg you to be patient.

Madame Arkadin

Recites from Hamlet.

“Oh, Hamlet, speak no more!
Thou turn’st mine eyes into my very soul;
And there I see such black and grained spots
As will not leave their tinct.”

Treplev

From Hamlet.

And let me wring your heart, for so I shall,
If it be made of penetrable stuff.”

A horn is sounded behind the stage.

Treplev
Ladies and gentlemen, we begin! I beg you to attend a pause. I begin taps with a stick and recites aloud. Oh, you venerable old shadows that float at nighttime over this lake, lull us to sleep and let us dream of what will be in two hundred thousand years!

Sorin
There will be nothing in two hundred thousand years.

Treplev
Then let them present that nothing to us.

Madame Arkadin
Let them. We are asleep.

The curtain rises; the view of the lake is revealed; the moon is above the horizon, its reflection in the water; Nina Zaretchny, all in white, is sitting on a big stone.

Nina
Men, lions, eagles and partridges, horned deer, geese, spiders, silent fish that dwell in the water, starfishes and creatures which cannot be seen by the eye﻿—all living things, all living things, all living things, having completed their cycle of sorrow, are extinct.﻿ ﻿… For thousands of years the earth has borne no living creature on its surface, and this poor moon lights its lamp in vain. On the meadow the cranes no longer waken with a cry, and there is no sound of the May beetles in the lime trees. It is cold, cold, cold! Empty, empty, empty! Dreadful, dreadful, dreadful! A pause. The bodies of living creatures have vanished into dust, and eternal matter has transformed them into rocks, into water, into clouds, while the souls of all have melted into one. That world-soul I am﻿—I﻿ ﻿… In me is the soul of Alexander the Great, of Caesar, of Shakespeare and of Napoleon, and of the lowest leech. In me the consciousness of men is blended with the instincts of the animals, and I remember all, all, all! And I live through every life over again in myself! Will-of-the-wisps appear.

Madame Arkadin
Softly. It’s something decadent.

Treplev
In an imploring and reproachful voice. Mother!

Nina
I am alone. Once in a hundred years I open my lips to speak, and my voice echoes mournfully in the void, and no one hears.﻿ ﻿… You too, pale lights, hear me not.﻿ ﻿… The stagnant marsh begets you before daybreak and you wander until dawn, but without thought, without will, without the tremor of life. For fear that life should spring up in you the father of eternal matter, the devil, keeps the atoms in you, as in the stones and in the water, in continual flux, and you are changing perpetually. For in all the universe nothing remains permanent and unchanged but the spirit a pause. Like a prisoner cast into a deep, empty well I know not where I am and what awaits me. All is hidden from me but that in the cruel, persistent struggle with the devil﻿—the principle of the forces of matter﻿—I am destined to conquer, and, after that, matter and spirit will be blended in glorious harmony and the Kingdom of the Cosmic Will will come. But that will come only little by little, through long, long thousands of years when the moon and the bright Sirius and the earth are changed to dust.﻿ ﻿… Till then﻿—terror, terror﻿ ﻿… a pause; two red spots appear upon the background of the lake. Here my powerful foe, the devil, is approaching. I see his dreadful crimson eyes.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
There’s a smell of sulphur. Is that as it should be?

Treplev
Yes.

Madame Arkadin
Laughs. Oh, it’s a stage effect!

Treplev
Mother!

Nina
He is dreary without man﻿—

Polina
To Dorn. You have taken your hat off. Put it on or you will catch cold.

Madame Arkadin
The doctor has taken his hat off to the devil, the father of eternal matter.

Treplev
Firing up, aloud. The play is over! Enough! Curtain!

Madame Arkadin
What are you cross about?

Treplev
Enough! The curtain! Let down the curtain! Stamping. Curtain! The curtain falls. I am sorry! I lost sight of the fact that only a few of the elect may write plays and act in them. I have infringed the monopoly. I﻿ ﻿… I﻿ ﻿… tries to say something more, but with a wave of his hand goes out on left.

Madame Arkadin
What’s the matter with him?

Sorin
Irina, you really must have more consideration for youthful vanity, my dear.

Madame Arkadin
What did I say to him?

Sorin
You hurt his feelings.

Madame Arkadin
He told us beforehand that it was a joke, and I regarded his play as a joke.

Sorin
All the same﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
Now it appears that he has written a great work. What next! So he has got up this performance and smothered us with sulphur not as a joke but as a protest.﻿ ﻿… He wanted to show us how to write and what to act. This is getting tiresome! These continual sallies at my expense﻿—these continual pinpricks would put anyone out of patience, say what you like. He is a vain, whimsical boy!

Sorin
He meant to give you pleasure.

Madame Arkadin
Really? He did not choose an ordinary play, however, but made us listen to this decadent delirium. For the sake of a joke I am ready to listen to delirium, but here we have pretensions to new forms and a new view of art. To my thinking it’s no question of new forms at all, but simply bad temper.

Trigorin
Everyone writes as he likes and as he can.

Madame Arkadin
Let him write as he likes and as he can, only let him leave me in peace.

Dorn
Jupiter! you are angry.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
I am not Jupiter﻿—I am a woman lights a cigarette. I am not angry﻿—I am only vexed that a young man should spend his time so drearily. I did not mean to hurt his feelings.

Medvedenko
Νο one has any grounds to separate spirit from matter, seeing that spirit itself may be a combination of material atoms. With animation, to Trigorin. But you know someone ought to write a play on how we poor teachers live, and get it acted. We have a hard, hard life.

Madame Arkadin
That’s true, but don’t let us talk either of plays or of atoms. It is such a glorious evening! Do you hear? There is singing! Listens. How nice it is!

Polina
It’s on the other side of the lake a pause.

Madame Arkadin
To Trigorin. Sit down beside me. Ten or fifteen years ago there were sounds of music and singing on that lake continually almost every night. There are six country houses on the shores of the lake. I remember laughter, noise, shooting, and love affairs without end.﻿ ﻿… The jeune premier and the idol of all those six households was in those days our friend here, the doctor motions with her head towards Dorn, Yevgeny Sergeitch. He is fascinating still, but in those days he was irresistible. But my conscience is beginning to trouble me. Why did I hurt my poor boy’s feelings? I feel worried. Aloud. Kostya! Son! Kostya!

Masha
I’ll go and look for him.

Madame Arkadin
Please do, my dear.

Masha
Going to the left. Aa‑oo! Konstantin Gavrilitch! Aa‑oo! Goes off.

Nina
Coming out from behind the stage. Apparently there will be no going on, and I may come out. Good evening! Kisses Madame Arkadin and Polina Andreyevna.

Sorin
Bravo! Bravo!

Madame Arkadin
Bravo! Bravo! We admired you. With such an appearance, with such a lovely voice, you really cannot stay in the country; it is a sin. You must have talent. Do you hear? It’s your duty to go on the stage.

Nina
Oh, that’s my dream! Sighing. But it will never be realised.

Madame Arkadin
Who knows? Here, let me introduce Boris Alexyevitch Trigorin.

Nina
Oh, I am so glad﻿ ﻿… overcome with embarrasment. I am always reading your﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
Making her sit down beside them. Don’t be shy, my dear. He is a celebrity, but he has a simple heart. You see, he is shy himself.

Dorn
I suppose we may raise the curtain; it’s rather uncanny.

Shamraev
Aloud. Yakov, pull up the curtain, my lad. The curtain goes up.

Nina
To Trigorin. It is a queer play, isn’t it?

Trigorin
I did not understand it at all. But I enjoyed it. You acted so genuinely. And the scenery was delightful a pause. There must be a lot of fish in that lake.

Nina
Yes.

Trigorin
I love angling. There is nothing I enjoy so much as sitting on the bank of a river in the evening and watching the float.

Nina
But I should have thought that for anyone who has known the enjoyment of creation, no other enjoyment can exist.

Madame Arkadin
Laughing. Don’t talk like that. When people say nice things to him he is utterly floored.

Shamraev
I remember one evening in the opera theatre in Moscow the celebrated Silva took the lower C! As it happened, there was sitting in the gallery the bass of our church choir, and all at once﻿—imagine our intense astonishment﻿—we heard from the gallery “Bravo, Silva!” a whole octave lower﻿—like this: in a deep bass “Bravo, Silva!” The audience sat spellbound a pause.

Dorn
The angel of silence as flown over us.

Nina
It’s time for me to go. Goodbye.

Madame Arkadin
Where are you off to? Why so early? We won’t let you go.

Nina
My father expects me.

Madame Arkadin
What a man, really﻿ ﻿… kisses her. Well, there is no help for it. I am sorry﻿—I am sorry to let you go.

Nina
If you knew how grieved I am to.

Madame Arkadin
Someone ought to see you home, my little dear.

Nina
Frightened. Oh, no, no!

Sorin
To her, in an imploring voice. Do stay!

Nina
I can’t, Pyotr Nikolayevitch.

Sorin
Stay for an hour. What is there in that?

Nina
Thinking a minute, tearfully. I can’t! Shakes hands and hurriedly goes off.

Madame Arkadin
Unfortunate girl she is, really. They say her mother left her father all her immense property﻿—every farthing of it﻿—and now the girl has got nothing, as her father has already made a will leaving everything to his second wife. It’s monstrous!

Dorn
Yes, her father is a pretty thorough scoundrel, one must do him the justice to say so.

Sorin
Rubbing his cold hands. Let us go too, it’s getting damp. My legs ache.

Madame Arkadin
They seem like wooden legs, you can hardly walk. Let us go, unlucky old man! Takes his arm.

Shamraev
Offering his arm to his wife. Madame?

Sorin
I hear that dog howling again. To Shamraev. Be so kind, Ilya Afanasyitch, as to tell them to let it off the chain.

Shamraev
It’s impossible, Pyotr Nikolayevitch, I am afraid of thieves getting into the barn. Our millet is there. To Medvedenko who is walking beside him. Yes, a whole octave lower: “Bravo, Silva!” And he not a singer﻿—simply a church chorister!

Medvedenko
And what salary does a chorister get? All go out except Dorn.

Dorn
Alone. I don’t know, perhaps I know nothing about it, or have gone off my head, but I liked the play. There is something in it. When that girl talked about loneliness and afterwards when the devil’s eyes appeared, I was so excited that my hands trembled. It is fresh, naive.﻿ ﻿… Here he comes, I believe. I want to say all the nice things I can to him.

Treplev
Enters. They have all gone.

Dorn
I am here.

Treplev
Mashenka is looking for me all over the park. Insufferable creature she is!

Dorn
Konstantin Gavrilitch, I liked your play extremely. It’s a strange thing, and I haven’t heard the end, and yet it made a strong impression! You are a gifted man﻿—you must persevere.

Treplev presses his hand warmly and embraces him impulsively.

Dorn
Fie, what an hysterical fellow! There are tears in his eyes! What I mean is this. You have taken a subject from the realm of abstract ideas. So it should be, for a work of art ought to express a great idea. A thing is only fine when it is serious. How pale you are!

Treplev
So you tell me to persevere?

Dorn
Yes.﻿ ﻿… But write only of what is important and eternal. You know, I have had varied experiences of life, and have enjoyed it; I am satisfied, but if it had been my lot to know the spiritual heights which artists reach at the moment of creation, I should, I believe, have despised my bodily self and all that appertains to it and left all things earthly as far behind as possible.

Treplev
Excuse me, where is Nina?

Dorn
And another thing. In a work of art there ought to be a clear definite idea. You ought to know what is your aim in writing, for if you go along that picturesque route without a definite goal you will be lost and your talent will be your ruin.

Treplev
Impatiently. Where is Nina?

Dorn
She has gone home.

Treplev
In despair. What am I to do? I want to see her﻿ ﻿… I must see her﻿ ﻿… I must go.﻿ ﻿…

Enter Masha.

Dorn
To Treplev. Calm yourself, my boy.

Treplev
But I am going all the same. I must go.

Masha
Come indoors, Konstantin Gavrilitch. Your mother wants you. She is worried.

Treplev
Tell her that I have gone away. And I beg you﻿—all of you﻿—leave me in peace! Let me alone! Don’t follow me about!

Dorn
Come, come, come, dear boy.﻿ ﻿… You can’t go on like that.﻿ ﻿… That’s not the thing.

Treplev
In tears. Goodbye, doctor. Thank you﻿ ﻿… goes off.

Dorn
With a sigh. Youth! youth!

Masha
When people have nothing better to say, they say, “Youth! youth!”﻿ ﻿… takes a pinch of snuff.

Dorn
Takes her snuffbox from her and flings it into the bushes. That’s disgusting! A pause. I believe they are playing the piano indoors. We must go in.

Masha
Wait a little.

Dorn
What is it?

Masha
I want to tell you once more. I have a longing to talk﻿ ﻿… growing agitated. I don’t care for my father﻿ ﻿… but I feel drawn to you. For some reason I feel with all my heart that you are very near me.﻿ ﻿… Help me. Help me, or I shall do something silly, I shall make a mock of my life and ruin it.﻿ ﻿… I can’t go on.﻿ ﻿…

Dorn
What is it? Help you in what?

Masha
I am miserable. No one, no one knows how miserable I am! Laying her head on his breast, softly. I love Konstantin!

Dorn
How hysterical they all are! How hysterical! And what a lot of love.﻿ ﻿… Oh, the sorcery of the lake! Tenderly. But what can I do, my child? What? What?

Curtain.

Act II

A croquet lawn. The house with a big verandah in the background on the right, on the left is seen the lake with the blazing sun reflected in it.

Flower beds. Midday. Hot. Madame Arkadin, Dorn and Masha are sitting on a garden seat in the shade of an old lime tree on one side of the croquet lawn. Dorn has an open book on his knee.

Madame Arkadin
To Masha. Come, let us stand up. They both get up. Let us stand side by side. You are twenty-two and I am nearly twice as old. Yevgeny Sergeitch, which of us looks the younger?

Dorn
You, of course.

Madame Arkadin
There! And why is it? Because I work, I feel I am always on the go, while you stay always in the same place and have no life at all.﻿ ﻿… And it is my rule never to look into the future. I never think about old age or death. What is to be, will be.

Masha
And I feel as though I had been born long, long ago; I trail my life along like an endless train.﻿ ﻿… And often I have not the slightest desire to go on living sits down. Of course, that’s all nonsense. I must shake myself and throw it all off.

Dorn
Hums quietly. “Tell her, my flowers.”

Madame Arkadin
Then I am as particular as an Englishman. I keep myself in hand, as they say, my dear, and am always dressed and have my hair done comme il faut. Do I allow myself to go out of the house even into the garden in a dressing-gown, or without my hair being done? Never! What has preserved me, is that I have never been a dowdy, I have never let myself go, as some women do﻿ ﻿… walks about the lawn with her arms akimbo. Here I am, as brisk as a bird. I could take the part of a girl of fifteen.

Dorn
Nevertheless, I shall go on takes up the book. We stopped at the corn merchant and the rats.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
And the rats. Read sits down. But give it to me, I’ll read. It is my turn takes the book and looks in it. And rats.﻿ ﻿… Here it is.﻿ ﻿… Reads. “And of course for society people to spoil novelists and to attract them to themselves is as dangerous as for a corn merchant to rear rats in his granaries. And yet they love them. And so, when a woman has picked out an author whom she desires to captivate, she lays siege to him by means of compliments, flattery and favours﻿ ﻿…” Well, that may be so with the French, but there is nothing like that with us, we have no set rules. Among us, before a woman sets to work to captivate an author, she is generally head over ears in love herself, if you please. To go no further, take Trigorin and me.﻿ ﻿…

Enter Sorin, leaning on his stick and with him Nina; Medvedenko wheels an empty bath-chair in after them.

Sorin
In a caressing tone, as to a child. Yes? We are delighted, aren’t we? We are happy today at last? To his sister. We are delighted! Our father and stepmother have gone off to Tver, and we are free now for three whole days.

Nina
Sits down beside Madame Arkadin and embraces her. I am happy! Now I belong to you.

Sorin
Sits down in his bath-chair. She looks quite a beauty today.

Madame Arkadin
Nicely dressed and interesting.﻿ ﻿… That’s a good girl kisses Nina. But we mustn’t praise you too much for fear of ill-luck. Where is Boris Alexeyevitch?

Nina
He is in the bathing-house, fishing.

Madame Arkadin
I wonder he doesn’t get sick of it! Is about to go on reading.

Nina
What is that?

Madame Arkadin
Maupassant’s Sur l’eau, my dear reads a few lines to herself. Well, the rest isn’t interesting or true shuts the book. I feel uneasy. Tell me, what’s wrong with my son? Why is he so depressed and ill-humoured? He spends whole days on the lake and I hardly ever see him.

Masha
His heart is troubled. To Nina, timidly. Please, do read us something out of his play!

Nina
Shrugging her shoulders. Would you like it? It’s so uninteresting.

Masha
Restraining her enthusiasm. When he reads anything himself his eyes glow and his face turns pale. He has a fine mournful voice, and the gestures of a poet.

There is a sound of Sorin snoring.

Dorn
Good night!

Madame Arkadin
Petrusha!

Sorin
Ah?

Madame Arkadin
Are you asleep?

Sorin
Not a bit of it a pause.

Madame Arkadin
You do nothing for your health, brother, and that’s not right.

Sorin
I should like to take something, but the doctor won’t give me anything.

Dorn
Take medicine at sixty!

Sorin
Even at sixty one wants to live!

Dorn
With vexation. Oh, very well, take valerian drops!

Madame Arkadin
It seems to me it would do him good to go to some mineral springs.

Dorn
Well, he might go. And he might not.

Madame Arkadin
What is one to make of that?

Dorn
There’s nothing to make of it. It’s quite clear a pause.

Medvedenko
Pyotr Nikolayevitch ought to give up smoking.

Sorin
Nonsense!

Dorn
No, it’s not nonsense. Wine and tobacco destroy the personality. After a cigar or a glass of vodka, you are not Pyotr Nikolayevitch any more but Pyotr Nikolayevitch plus somebody else; your ego is diffused and you feel towards yourself as to a third person.

Sorin
Laughs. It’s all very well for you to argue! You’ve lived your life, but what about me? I have served in the Department of Justice for twenty-eight years, but I haven’t lived yet, I’ve seen and done nothing as a matter of fact, and very naturally I want to live very much. You’ve had enough and you don’t care, and so you are inclined to be philosophical, but I want to live, and so I drink sherry at dinner and smoke cigars and so on. That’s all it comes to.

Dorn
One must look at life seriously, but to go in for cures at sixty and to regret that one hasn’t enjoyed oneself enough in one’s youth is frivolous, if you will forgive my saying so.

Masha
Gets up. It must be lunchtime walks with a lazy, lagging step. My leg is gone to sleep goes off.

Dorn
She will go and have a couple of glasses before lunch.

Sorin
She has no personal happiness, poor thing.

Dorn
Nonsense, your Excellency.

Sorin
You argue like a man who has had all he wants.

Madame Arkadin
Oh, what can be more boring than this sweet country boredom! Hot, still, no one ever doing anything, everyone airing their theories.﻿ ﻿… It’s nice being with you, my friends, charming to listen to you, but﻿ ﻿… to sit in a hotel room somewhere and learn one’s part is ever so much better.

Nina
Enthusiastically. Delightful! I understand you.

Sorin
Of course, it’s better in town. You sit in your study, the footman lets no one in unannounced, there’s a telephone﻿ ﻿… in the streets there are cabs and everything.﻿ ﻿…

Dorn
Hums. “Tell her, my flowers.”

Enter Shamraev, and after him Polina Andreyevna.

Shamraev
Here they are! Good morning! Kisses Madame Arkadin’s hand and then Nina’s. Delighted to see you in good health. To Madame Arkadin. My wife tells me that you are proposing to drive into town with her today. Is that so?

Madame Arkadin
Yes, we are thinking of it.

Shamraev
Hm! that’s splendid, but how are you going, honoured lady? They are carting the rye today; all the men are at work. What horses are you to have, allow me to ask?

Madame Arkadin
What horses? How can I tell which?

Sorin
We’ve got carriage horses.

Shamraev
Growing excited. Carriage horses! But where am I to get collars for them? Where am I to get collars? It’s a strange thing! It passes my understanding! Honoured lady! forgive me, I am full of reverence for your talent. I would give ten years of my life for you, but I cannot let you have the horses!

Madame Arkadin
But if I have to go! It’s a queer thing!

Shamraev
Honoured lady! you don’t know what farming means.

Madame Arkadin
Flaring up. That’s the old story! If that’s so, I go back to Moscow today. Give orders for horses to be hired for me at the village, or I’ll walk to the station.

Shamraev
Flaring up. In that case I resign my position! You must look for another steward goes off.

Madame Arkadin
It’s like this every summer; every summer I am insulted here! I won’t set my foot in the place again goes off at left where the bathing shed is supposed to be; a minute later she can be seen entering the house. Trigorin follows her, carrying fishing rods and tackle, and a pail.

Sorin
Flaring up. This is insolence! It’s beyond everything. I am thoroughly sick of it. Send all the horses here this minute!

Nina
To Polina Andreyevna. To refuse Irina Nikolayevna, the famous actress! Any wish of hers, any whim even, is of more consequence than all your farming. It’s positively incredible!

Polina
In despair. What can I do? Put yourself in my position: what can I do?

Sorin
To Nina. Let us go to my sister. We will all entreat her not to go away. Won’t we? Looking in the direction in which Shamraev has gone. Insufferable man! Despot!

Nina
Preventing him from getting up. Sit still, sit still. We will wheel you in. She and Medvedenko push the bath-chair. Oh, how awful it is!

Sorin
Yes, yes, it’s awful. But he won’t leave, I’ll speak to him directly. They go out; Dorn and Polina Andreyevna are left alone on the stage.

Dorn
People are tiresome. Your husband ought to be simply kicked out, but it will end in that old woman Pyotr Nikolayevitch and his sister begging the man’s pardon. You will see!

Polina
He has sent the carriage horses into the fields too! And there are misunderstandings like this every day. If you only knew how it upsets me! It makes me ill; see how I am trembling.﻿ ﻿… I can’t endure his rudeness. In an imploring voice. Yevgeny, dearest, light of my eyes, my darling, let me come to you.﻿ ﻿… Our time is passing, we are no longer young, and if only we could lay aside concealment and lying for the end of our lives, anyway﻿ ﻿… a pause.

Dorn
I am fifty-five; it’s too late to change my life.

Polina
I know you refuse me because there are other women too who are as near to you. You can’t take them all to live with you. I understand. Forgive me, you are tired of me.

Nina appears near the house; she is picking flowers.

Dorn
No, it’s all right.

Polina
I am wretched from jealousy. Of course you are a doctor, you can’t avoid women. I understand.

Dorn
To Nina, who comes up to them. How are things going?

Nina
Irina Nikolayevna is crying and Pyotr Nikolayevitch has an attack of asthma.

Dorn
Gets up. I’d better go and give them both valerian drops.

Nina
Gives him the flowers. Please take these.

Dorn
Merci bien goes towards the house.

Polina
Going with him. What charming flowers! Near the house, in a smothered voice. Give me those flowers! Give me those flowers! On receiving them tears the flowers to pieces and throws them away; both go into the house.

Nina
Alone. How strange it is to see a famous actress cry, and about such a trivial thing! And isn’t it strange? A famous author, adored by the public, written about in all the papers, his photographs for sale, his works translated into foreign languages﻿—and he spends the whole day fishing and is delighted that he has caught two gudgeon. I thought famous people were proud, unapproachable, that they despised the crowd, and by their fame and the glory of their name, as it were, revenged themselves on the vulgar herd for putting rank and wealth above everything. But here they cry and fish, play cards, laugh and get cross like everyone else!

Treplev
Comes in without a hat on, with a gun and a dead seagull. Are you alone here?

Nina
Yes.

Treplev lays the seagull at her feet.

Nina
What does that mean?

Treplev
I was so mean as to kill this bird today. I lay it at your feet.

Nina
What is the matter with you? Picks up the bird and looks at it.

Treplev
After a pause. Soon I shall kill myself in the same way.

Nina
You have so changed, I hardly know you.

Treplev
Yes, ever since the day when I hardly knew you. You have changed to me, your eyes are cold, you feel me in the way.

Nina
You have become irritable of late, you express yourself so incomprehensibly, as it were in symbols. This bird is a symbol too, I suppose, but forgive me, I don’t understand it lays the seagull on the seat. I am too simple to understand you.

Treplev
This began from that evening when my play came to grief so stupidly. Women never forgive failure. I have burnt it all; every scrap of it. If only you knew how miserable I am! Your growing cold to me is awful, incredible, as though I had woken up and found this lake had suddenly dried up or sunk into the earth. You have just said that you are too simple to understand me. Oh, what is there to understand? My play was not liked, you despise my inspiration, you already consider me commonplace, insignificant, like so many others﻿ ﻿… stamping. How well I understand it all, how I understand it! I feel as though I had a nail in my brain, damnation take it together with my vanity which is sucking away my life, sucking it like a snake﻿ ﻿… sees Trigorin, who comes in reading a book. Here comes the real genius, walking like Hamlet and with a book too. Mimics. “Words, words, words.”﻿ ﻿… The sun has scarcely reached you and you are smiling already, your eyes are melting in its rays. I won’t be in your way goes off quickly.

Trigorin
Making notes in his book. Takes snuff and drinks vodka. Always in black. The schoolmaster is in love with her.﻿ ﻿…

Nina
Good morning, Boris Alexeyevitch!

Trigorin
Good morning. Circumstances have turned out so unexpectedly that it seems we are setting off today. We are hardly likely to meet again. I am sorry. I don’t often have the chance of meeting young girls, youthful and charming; I have forgotten how one feels at eighteen or nineteen and can’t picture it to myself, and so the young girls in my stories and novels are usually false. I should like to be in your shoes just for one hour to find out how you think, and altogether what sort of person you are.

Nina
And I should like to be in your shoes.

Trigorin
What for?

Nina
To know what it feels like to be a famous, gifted author. What does it feel like to be famous? How does it affect you, being famous?

Trigorin
How? Nohow, I believe. I have never thought about it. After a moment’s thought. It’s one of two things: either you exaggerate my fame, or it never is felt at all.

Nina
But if you read about yourself in the newspapers?

Trigorin
When they praise me I am pleased, and when they abuse me I feel out of humour for a day or two.

Nina
What a wonderful world! If only you knew how I envy you! How different people’s lots in life are! Some can scarcely get through their dull, obscure existence, they are all just like one another, they are all unhappy; while others﻿—you, for instance﻿—you are one out of a million, have an interesting life full of brightness and significance. You are happy.

Trigorin
I? Shrugging his shoulders. Hm.﻿ ﻿… You talk of fame and happiness, of bright interesting life, but to me all those fine words, if you will forgive my saying so, are just like a sweetmeat which I never taste. You are very young and very good-natured.

Nina
Your life is splendid!

Trigorin
What is there particularly nice in it? Looks at his watch. I must go and write directly. Excuse me, I mustn’t stay﻿ ﻿… laughs. You have stepped on my favourite corn, as the saying is, and here I am beginning to get excited and a little cross. Let us talk though. We will talk about my splendid bright life.﻿ ﻿… Well, where shall we begin? After thinking a little. There are such things as fixed ideas, when a man thinks day and night for instance, of nothing but the moon. And I have just such a moon. I am haunted day and night by one persistent thought: I ought to be writing, I ought to be writing, I ought﻿ ﻿… I have scarcely finished one novel when, for some reason, I must begin writing another, then a third, after the third a fourth. I write incessantly, post haste, and I can’t write in any other way. What is there splendid and bright in that, I ask you? Oh, it’s an absurd life! Here I am with you; I am excited, yet every moment I remember that my unfinished novel is waiting for me. Here I see a cloud that looks like a grand piano. I think that I must put into a story somewhere that a cloud sailed by that looked like a grand piano. There is a scent of heliotrope. I hurriedly make a note: a sickly smell, a widow’s flower, to be mentioned in the description of a summer evening. I catch up myself and you at every sentence, every word, and make haste to put those sentences and words away into my literary treasure-house﻿—it may come in useful! When I finish work I race off to the theatre or to fishing; if only I could rest in that and forget myself. But no, there’s a new subject rolling about in my head like a heavy iron cannon ball, and I am drawn to my writing table and must make haste again to go on writing and writing. And it’s always like that, always. And I have no rest from myself, and I feel that I am eating up my own life, and that for the sake of the honey I give to someone in space I am stripping the pollen from my best flowers, tearing up the flowers themselves and trampling on their roots. Don’t you think I am mad? Do my friends and acquaintances treat me as though I were sane? “What are you writing? What are you giving us?” It’s the same thing again and again, and it seems to me as though my friends’ notice, their praises, their enthusiasm﻿—that it’s all a sham, that they are deceiving me as an invalid and I am somehow afraid that they will steal up to me from behind, snatch me and carry me off and put me in a madhouse. And in those years, the best years of my youth, when I was beginning, my writing was unmixed torture. A small writer, particularly when he is not successful, seems to himself clumsy, awkward, unnecessary; his nerves are strained and overwrought. He can’t resist hanging about people connected with literature and art, unrecognised and unnoticed by anyone, afraid to look anyone boldly in the face, like a passionate gambler without any money. I hadn’t seen my reader, but for some reason I always imagined him hostile, and mistrustful. I was afraid of the public, it alarmed me, and when I had to produce my first play it always seemed to me that all the dark people felt hostile and all the fair ones were coldly indifferent. Oh, how awful it was! What agony it was!

Nina
But surely inspiration and the very process of creation give you moments of exalted happiness?

Trigorin
Yes. While I am writing I enjoy it. And I like reading my proofs, but﻿ ﻿… as soon as it is published I can’t endure it, and I see that it is all wrong, a mistake, that it ought not to have been written at all, and I feel vexed and sick about it﻿ ﻿… laughing. And the public reads it and says: “Yes, charming, clever. Charming, but very inferior to Tolstoy,” or, “It’s a fine thing, but Turgenev’s Fathers and Children is finer.” And it will be the same to my dying day, only charming and clever, charming and clever﻿—and nothing more. And when I die my friends, passing by my tomb, will say, “Here lies Trigorin. He was a good writer, but inferior to Turgenev.”

Nina
Forgive me, but I refuse to understand you. You are simply spoiled by success.

Trigorin
What success? I have never liked myself; I dislike my own work. The worst of it is that I am in a sort of delirium, and often don’t understand what I am writing. I love this water here, the trees, the sky. I feel nature, it arouses in me a passionate, irresistible desire to write. But I am not simply a landscape painter; I am also a citizen. I love my native country, my people; I feel that if I am a writer I am in duty bound to write of the people, of their sufferings, of their future, to talk about science and the rights of man and so on, and so on, and I write about everything. I am hurried and flustered, and on all sides they whip me up and are angry with me; I dash about from side to side like a fox beset by hounds. I see life and culture continually getting farther and farther away while I fall farther and farther behind like a peasant too late for the train; and what it comes to is that I feel I can only describe scenes and in everything else I am false to the marrow of my bones.

Nina
You are overworked and have not the leisure nor the desire to appreciate your own significance. You may be dissatisfied with yourself, but for others you are great and splendid! If I were a writer like you, I should give up my whole life to the common herd, but I should know that there could be no greater happiness for them than to rise to my level, and they would harness themselves to my chariot.

Trigorin
My chariot, what next! Am I an Agamemnon, or what? Both smile.

Nina
For such happiness as being a writer or an artist I would be ready to endure poverty, disappointment, the dislike of those around me; I would live in a garret and eat nothing but rye bread, I would suffer from being dissatisfied with myself, from recognising my own imperfections, but I should ask in return for fame﻿ ﻿… real, resounding fame.﻿ ﻿… Covers her face with her hands. It makes me dizzy.﻿ ﻿… Ough!

The voice of Madame Arkadin from the house.

Madame Arkadin
Boris Alexeyevitch!

Trigorin
They are calling for me. I suppose it’s to pack. But I don’t want to leave here. Looks round at the lake. Just look how glorious it is! It’s splendid!

Nina
Do you see the house and garden on the other side of the lake?

Trigorin
Yes.

Nina
That house was my dear mother’s. I was born there. I have spent all my life beside this lake and I know every little islet on it.

Trigorin
It’s very delightful here! Seeing the seagull. And what’s this?

Nina
A seagull. Konstantin Gavrilitch shot it.

Trigorin
A beautiful bird. Really, I don’t want to go away. Try and persuade Irina Nikolayevna to stay makes a note in his book.

Nina
What are you writing?

Trigorin
Oh, I am only making a note. A subject struck me putting away the notebook. A subject for a short story: a young girl, such as you, has lived all her life beside a lake; she loves the lake like a seagull, and is as free and happy as a seagull. But a man comes by chance, sees her, and having nothing better to do, destroys her like that seagull here a pause.

Madame Arkadin appears at the window.

Madame Arkadin
Boris Alexeyevitch, where are you?

Trigorin
I am coming goes and looks back at Nina. To Madame Arkadin at the window. What is it?

Madame Arkadin
We are staying.

Trigorin goes into the house.

Nina
Advances to the footlights; after a few moments’ meditation. It’s a dream!

Curtain.

Act III

The dining-room in Sorin’s house. Doors on right and on left. A sideboard. A medicine cupboard. A table in the middle of the room. A portmanteau and hatboxes; signs of preparation for departure. Trigorin is having lunch; Masha stands by the table.

Masha
I tell all this to you as a writer. You may make use of it. I am telling you the truth: if he had hurt himself seriously I would not have gone on living another minute. But I have pluck enough all the same. I just made up my mind that I would tear this love out of my heart, tear it out by the roots.

Trigorin
How are you going to do that?

Masha
I am going to be married. To Medvedenko.

Trigorin
That’s the schoolmaster?

Masha
Yes.

Trigorin
I don’t understand what’s the object of it.

Masha
To love without hope, to spend whole years waiting for something.﻿ ﻿… But when I marry, there will be no time left for love, new cares will smother all the old feelings. And, anyway, it will be a change, you know. Shall we have another?

Trigorin
Won’t that be too much?

Masha
Oh, come! Fills two glasses. Don’t look at me like that! Women drink much oftener than you imagine. Only a small proportion drink openly as I do, the majority drink in secret. Yes. And it’s always vodka or brandy. Clinks glasses. My best wishes! You are a good-hearted man; I am sorry to be parting from you. They drink.

Trigorin
I don’t want to go myself.

Masha
You should beg her to stay.

Trigorin
No, she won’t stay now. Her son is behaving very tactlessly. First he shoots himself, and now they say he is going to challenge me to a duel. And whatever for? He sulks, and snorts, and preaches new forms of art.﻿ ﻿… But there is room for all﻿—new and old﻿—why quarrel about it?

Masha
Well, there’s jealousy too. But it is nothing to do with me.

A pause. Yakov crosses from right to left with a portmanteau. Nina enters and stands by the window.

Masha
My schoolmaster is not very brilliant, but he is a good-natured man, and poor, and he is very much in love with me. I am sorry for him. And I am sorry for his old mother. Well, let me wish you all happiness. Don’t remember evil against me shakes hands with him warmly. I am very grateful for your friendly interest. Send me your books and be sure to put in an inscription. Only don’t write, “To my honoured friend,” but write simply, “To Marya who belongs nowhere and has no object in life.” Goodbye! Goes out.

Nina
Stretching out her arm towards Trigorin, with her fist clenched. Odd or even?

Trigorin
Even.

Nina
With a sigh. Wrong. I had only one pea in my hand. I was trying my fortune whether to go on the stage or not. I wish someone would advise me.

Trigorin
It’s impossible to advise in such a matter a pause.

Nina
We are parting and﻿ ﻿… perhaps we shall never meet again. Won’t you please take this little medallion as a parting gift? I had your initials engraved on one side of it﻿ ﻿… and on the other the title of your book, Days and Nights.

Trigorin
How exquisite! Kisses the medallion. A charming present!

Nina
Think of me sometimes.

Trigorin
I shall think of you. I shall think of you as you were on that sunny day﻿—do you remember?﻿—a week ago, when you were wearing a light dress﻿ ﻿… we were talking﻿ ﻿… there was a white seagull lying on the seat.

Nina
Pensively. Yes, a seagull﻿ ﻿… a pause. We can’t talk any more, there’s someone coming.﻿ ﻿… Let me have two minutes before you go, I entreat you﻿ ﻿… goes out on the left.

At the same instant Madame Arkadin, Sorin in a dress coat with a star of some order on it, then Yakov, occupied with the luggage, enter on the right.

Madame Arkadin
Stay at home, old man. With your rheumatism you ought not to go gadding about. To Trigorin. Who was that went out? Nina?

Trigorin
Yes.

Madame Arkadin
Pardon, we interrupted you sits down. I believe I have packed everything. I am worn out.

Trigorin
Reads on the medallion. “Days and Nights, page 121, lines 11 and 12.”

Yakov
Clearing the table. Am I to pack your fishing things too, sir?

Trigorin
Yes, I shall want them again. You can give away the hooks.

Yakov
Yes, sir.

Trigorin
To himself. Page 121, lines 11 and 12. What is there in those lines? To Madame Arkadin. Are there copies of my books in the house?

Madame Arkadin
Yes, in my brother’s study, in the corner bookcase.

Trigorin
Page 121﻿ ﻿… goes out.

Madame Arkadin
Really, Petrusha, you had better stay at home.

Sorin
You are going away; it will be dreary for me at home without you.

Madame Arkadin
And what is there in the town?

Sorin
Nothing particular, but still﻿ ﻿… laughs. There will be the laying of the foundation-stone of the Zemstvo hall, and all that sort of thing. One longs to shake oneself free from this stagnant existence, if only for an hour or two. I’ve been too long on the shelf like some old cigarette-holder. I have ordered the horses for one o’clock; we’ll set off at the same time.

Madame Arkadin
After a pause. Come, stay here, don’t be bored and don’t catch cold. Look after my son. Take care of him. Give him good advice a pause. Here I am going away and I shall never know why Konstantin tried to shoot himself. I fancy jealousy was the chief cause, and the sooner I get Trigorin away from here, the better.

Sorin
What can I say? There were other reasons too. It’s easy to understand; he is young, intelligent, living in the country, in the wilds, with no money, no position and no future. He has nothing to do. He is ashamed of his idleness and afraid of it. I am very fond of him indeed, and he is attached to me, yet in spite of it all he feels he is superfluous in the house, that he is a dependant, a poor relation. It’s easy to understand, it’s amour propre.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
He is a great anxiety to me! Pondering. He might go into the service, perhaps.

Sorin
Begins to whistle, then irresolutely. I think that quite the best thing would be if you were to﻿ ﻿… let him have a little money. In the first place he ought to be able to be dressed like other people and all that. Just look at him, he’s been going about in the same wretched jacket for the last three years and he has no overcoat﻿ ﻿… laughs. It would do him no harm to have a little fun﻿ ﻿… to go abroad or something.﻿ ﻿… It wouldn’t cost much.

Madame Arkadin
But all the same﻿ ﻿… I might manage the suit, perhaps, but as for going abroad﻿ ﻿… No, just at the moment I can’t even manage the suit. Resolutely. I have no money!

Sorin laughs.

Madame Arkadin
No!

Sorin
Begins to whistle. Quite so. Forgive me, my dear, don’t be cross. I believe you.﻿ ﻿… You are a generous, noble-hearted woman.

Madame Arkadin
Weeping. I have no money.

Sorin
If I had money, of course I would give him some myself, but I have nothing, not a halfpenny laughs. My steward takes all my pension and spends it all on the land and the cattle and the bees, and my money is all wasted. The bees die, and the cows die, they never let me have horses.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
Yes, I have money, but you see I am an actress; my dresses alone are enough to ruin me.

Sorin
You are a kind, good creature﻿ ﻿… I respect you.﻿ ﻿… Yes﻿ ﻿… but there, I got a touch of it again﻿ ﻿… staggers. I feel dizzy clutches at the table. I feel ill and all that.

Madame Arkadin
Alarmed. Petrusha! Trying to support him. Petrusha, my dear! Calling. Help! help!

Enter Treplev with a bandage round his head and Medvedenko.

Madame Arkadin
He feels faint!

Sorin
It’s all right, it’s all right! Smiles and drinks some water. It’s passed off﻿ ﻿… and all that.

Treplev
To his mother. Don’t be frightened, mother, it’s not serious. Uncle often has these attacks now. To his uncle. You must lie down, uncle.

Sorin
For a little while, yes.﻿ ﻿… But I am going to the town all the same.﻿ ﻿… I’ll lie down a little and then set off.﻿ ﻿… It’s quite natural goes out leaning on his stick.

Medvedenko
Gives him his arm. There’s a riddle: in the morning on four legs, at noon on two, in the evening on three.﻿ ﻿…

Sorin
Laughs. Just so. And at night on the back. Thank you, I can manage alone.﻿ ﻿…

Medvedenko
Oh come, why stand on ceremony! Goes out with Sorin.

Madame Arkadin
How he frightened me!

Treplev
It is not good for him to live in the country. He gets depressed. If you would be generous for once, mother, and lend him fifteen hundred or two thousand roubles, he could spend a whole year in town.

Madame Arkadin
I have no money. I am an actress, not a banker a pause.

Treplev
Mother, change my bandage. You do it so well.

Madame Arkadin
Takes out of the medicine cupboard some iodoform and a box with bandaging material. The doctor is late.

Treplev
He promised to be here at ten, and it is midday already.

Madame Arkadin
Sit down takes the bandage off his head. It’s like a turban. Yesterday a stranger asked in the kitchen what nationality you were. But you have almost completely healed. There is the merest trifle left kisses him on the head. You won’t do anything naughty again while I am away, will you?

Treplev
No, mother. It was a moment of mad despair when I could not control myself. It won’t happen again. Kisses her hand. You have such clever hands. I remember, long ago, when you were still acting at the Imperial Theatre﻿—I was little then﻿—there was a fight in our yard and a washerwoman, one of the tenants, was badly beaten. Do you remember? She was picked up senseless﻿ ﻿… you looked after her, took her remedies and washed her children in a tub. Don’t you remember?

Madame Arkadin
No puts on a fresh bandage.

Treplev
Two ballet dancers lived in the same house as we did at the time.﻿ ﻿… They used to come to you and have coffee.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
I remember that.

Treplev
They were very pious a pause. Just lately, these last days, I have loved you as tenderly and completely as when I was a child. I have no one left now but you. Only why, why do you give yourself up to the influence of that man?

Madame Arkadin
You don’t understand him, Konstantin. He is a very noble character.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
And yet when he was told I was going to challenge him, the nobility of his character did not prevent him from funking it. He is going away. Ignominious flight!

Madame Arkadin
What nonsense! It is I who am asking him to go.

Treplev
A very noble character! Here you and I are almost quarrelling over him, and at this very moment he is somewhere in the drawing-room or the garden laughing at us﻿ ﻿… developing Nina, trying to convince her finally that he is a genius.

Madame Arkadin
You take a pleasure in saying unpleasant things to me. I respect that man and beg you not to speak ill of him before me.

Treplev
And I don’t respect him. You want me to think him a genius too, but forgive me, I can’t tell lies, his books make me sick.

Madame Arkadin
That’s envy. There’s nothing left for people who have pretension without talent but to attack real talent. Much comfort in that, I must say!

Treplev
Ironically. Real talent! Wrathfully. I have more talent them all of you put together if it comes to that! Tears the bandage off his head. You, with your hackneyed conventions, have usurped the supremacy in art and consider nothing real and legitimate but what you do yourselves; everything else you stifle and suppress. I don’t believe in you! I don’t believe in you or in him!

Madame Arkadin
Decadent!

Treplev
Get away to your charming theatre and act there in your paltry, stupid plays!

Madame Arkadin
I have never acted in such plays. Let me alone! You are not capable of writing even a wretched burlesque! You are nothing but a Kiev shopman! living on other people!

Treplev
You miser!

Madame Arkadin
You ragged beggar!

Treplev sits down and weeps quietly.

Madame Arkadin
Nonentity! Walking up and down in agitation. Don’t cry. You mustn’t cry weeps. Don’t﻿ ﻿… kisses him on the forehead, on the cheeks and on the head. My dear child, forgive me.﻿ ﻿… Forgive your sinful mother. Forgive me, you know I am wretched.

Treplev
Puts his arms round her. If only you knew! I have lost everything! She does not love me, and now I cannot write﻿ ﻿… all my hopes are gone.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
Don’t despair﻿ ﻿… Everything will come right. He is going away directly, she will love you again wipes away his tears. Give over. We have made it up now.

Treplev
Kisses her hands. Yes, mother.

Madame Arkadin
Tenderly. Make it up with him too. You don’t want a duel, do you?

Treplev
Very well. Only, mother, do allow me not to meet him. It’s painful to me﻿—it’s more than I can bear. Enter Trigorin. Here he is﻿ ﻿… I am going﻿ ﻿… rapidly puts away the dressings in the cupboard. The doctor will do the bandaging now.

Trigorin
Looking in a book. Page 121﻿ ﻿… lines 11 and 12. Here it is. Reads. “If ever my life can be of use to you, come and take it.”

Treplev picks up the bandage from the floor and goes out.

Madame Arkadin
Looking at her watch. The horses will soon be here.

Trigorin
To himself. “If ever my life can be of use to you, come and take it.”

Madame Arkadin
I hope all your things are packed?

Trigorin
Impatiently. Yes, yes. Musing. Why is it that I feel so much sorrow in that appeal from a pure soul and that it wrings my heart so painfully? “If ever my life can be of use to you, come and take it.” To Madame Arkadin. Let us stay one day longer.

Madame Arkadin shakes her head.

Trigorin
Let us stay!

Madame Arkadin
Darling, I know what keeps you here. But have control over yourself. You are a little intoxicated, try to be sober.

Trigorin
You be sober too, be sensible and reasonable, I implore you; look at it all as a true friend should. Presses her hand. You are capable of sacrifice. Be a friend to me, let me be free!

Madame Arkadin
In violent agitation. Are you so enthralled?

Trigorin
I am drawn to her! Perhaps it is just what I need.

Madame Arkadin
The love of a provincial girl? Oh, how little you know yourself!

Trigorin
Sometimes people sleep as they walk﻿—that’s how it is with me, I am talking to you and yet I am asleep and dreaming of her.﻿ ﻿… I am possessed by sweet, marvellous dreams.﻿ ﻿… Let me be free.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
Trembling. No, no! I am an ordinary woman, you can’t talk like that to me. Don’t torture me, Boris. It terrifies me.

Trigorin
If you cared to, you could be not ordinary. Love﻿—youthful, charming, poetical, lifting one into a world of dreams﻿—that’s the only thing in life that can give happiness! I have never yet known a love like that.﻿ ﻿… In my youth I never had time, I was always hanging about the editors’ offices, struggling with want. Now it is here, that love, it has come, it beckons to me. What sense is there in running away from it?

Madame Arkadin
Wrathfully. You have gone mad!

Trigorin
Well, let me?

Madame Arkadin
You are all in a conspiracy together to torment me today! Weeps.

Trigorin
Clutching at his heart. She does not understand! She won’t understand!

Madame Arkadin
Am I so old and ugly that you don’t mind talking of other women to me? Puts her arms round him and kisses him. Oh, you are mad! My wonderful, splendid darling.﻿ ﻿… You are the last page of my life! Falls on her knees. My joy, my pride, my bliss!﻿ ﻿… embraces his knees. If you forsake me even for one hour I shall not survive it, I shall go mad, my marvellous, magnificent one, my master.﻿ ﻿…

Trigorin
Someone may come in helps her to get up.

Madame Arkadin
Let them, I am not ashamed of my love for you kisses his hands. My treasure, you desperate boy, you want to be mad, but I won’t have it, I won’t let you﻿ ﻿… laughs. You are mine﻿ ﻿… mine.﻿ ﻿… This forehead is mine, and these eyes, and this lovely silky hair is mine too﻿ ﻿… you are mine all over. You are so gifted, so clever, the best of all modern writers, you are the one hope of Russia.﻿ ﻿… You have so much truthfulness, simplicity, freshness, healthy humour.﻿ ﻿… In one touch you can give all the essential characteristics of a person or a landscape, your characters are living. One can’t read you without delight! You think this is exaggerated? That I am flattering you? But look into my eyes﻿ ﻿… look.﻿ ﻿… Do I look like a liar? You see, I am the only one who can appreciate you; I am the only one who tells you the truth, my precious, wonderful darling.﻿ ﻿… Are you coming? Yes? You won’t abandon me?﻿ ﻿…

Trigorin
I have no will of my own﻿ ﻿… I have never had a will of my own.﻿ ﻿… Flabby, feeble, always submissive﻿—how can a woman care for such a man? Take me, carry me off, but don’t let me move a step away from you.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
To herself. Now he is mine! In an easy tone as though nothing had happened. But, of course, if you like, you can stay. I’ll go by myself and you can come afterwards, a week later. After all, why should you be in a hurry?

Trigorin
No, we may as well go together.

Madame Arkadin
As you please. Let us go together then a pause.

Trigorin makes a note.

Madame Arkadin
What are you writing?

Trigorin
I heard a good name this morning, “The Maiden’s Forest.” It may be of use stretches. So we are to go then? Again there will be railway carriages, station, refreshment bars, mutton chops, conversations.﻿ ﻿…

Shamraev
Enters. I have the honour to announce, with regret, that the horses are ready. It’s time, honoured lady, to set off for the station; the train comes in at five minutes past two. So please do me a favour, Irina Nikolaevna, do not forget to inquire what has become of the actor Suzdaltsev. Is he alive and well? We used to drink together at one time.﻿ ﻿… In The Plundered Mail he used to play incomparably﻿ ﻿… I remember the tragedian Izmailov, also a remarkable personality, acted with him in Elisavetograd.﻿ ﻿… Don’t be in a hurry, honoured lady, you need not start for five minutes. Once they were acting conspirators in a melodrama and when they were suddenly discovered Izmailov had to say, “We are caught in a trap,” but he said, “We are caught in a tap!” Laughs. A tap!

While he is speaking Yakov is busy looking after the luggage. The maid brings Madame Arkadin her hat, her coat, her umbrella and her gloves; they all help Madame Arkadin to put on her things. The man-cook looks in at the door on left and after some hesitation comes in. Enter Polina Andreyevna, then Sorin and Medvedenko.

Polina
With a basket. Here are some plums for the journey.﻿ ﻿… Very sweet ones. You may be glad to have something nice.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
You are very kind, Polina Andreyevna.

Polina
Goodbye, my dear! If anything has not been to your liking, forgive it weeps.

Madame Arkadin
Embraces her. Everything has been nice, everything! But you mustn’t cry.

Polina
The time flies so fast!

Madame Arkadin
There’s no help for it.

Sorin
In a greatcoat with a cape to it, with his hat on and a stick in his hand, enters from door on left, crossing the stage. Sister, it’s time to start, or you may be too late after all. I am going to get into the carriage goes out.

Medvedenko
And I shall walk to the station﻿ ﻿… to see you off. I’ll be there in no time﻿ ﻿… goes out.

Madame Arkadin
Goodbye, dear friends.﻿ ﻿… If we are all alive and well, we shall meet again next summer. The maid, the cook and Yakov kiss her hand. Don’t forget me. Gives the cook a rouble. Here’s a rouble for the three of you.

The Cook
We humbly thank you, madam! Good journey to you! We are very grateful for your kindness!

Yakov
May God give you good luck!

Shamraev
You might rejoice our hearts with a letter! Goodbye, Boris Alexeyevitch!

Madame Arkadin
Where is Konstantin? Tell him that I am starting; I must say goodbye. Well, don’t remember evil against me. To Yakov. I gave the cook a rouble. It’s for the three of you.

All go out on right. The stage is empty. Behind the scenes the noise that is usual when people are being seen off. The maid comes back to fetch the basket of plums from the table and goes out again.

Trigorin
Coming back. I have forgotten my stick. I believe it is out there, on the verandah goes and, at door on left, meets Nina who is coming in. Is that you? We are going.﻿ ﻿…

Nina
I felt that we should see each other once more. Excitedly. Boris Alexeyevitch, I have come to a decision, the die is cast, I am going on the stage. I shall be gone from here tomorrow; I am leaving my father, I am abandoning everything, I am beginning a new life. Like you, I am going﻿ ﻿… to Moscow. We shall meet there.

Trigorin
Looking round. Stay at the Slavyansky Bazaar﻿ ﻿… Let me know at once﻿ ﻿… Molchanovka, Groholsky House.﻿ ﻿… I am in a hurry﻿ ﻿… a pause.

Nina
One minute more.﻿ ﻿…

Trigorin
In an undertone. You are so lovely.﻿ ﻿… Oh, what happiness to think that we shall see each other soon! She sinks on his breast. I shall see again those wonderful eyes, that inexpressibly beautiful tender smile﻿ ﻿… those soft features, the expression of angelic purity.﻿ ﻿… My darling﻿ ﻿… a prolonged kiss.

Curtain.

Between the Third and Fourth Acts there is an interval of two years.

Act IV

One of the drawing-rooms in Sorin’s house, which has been turned into a study for Konstantin Treplev. On the right and left, doors leading to inner apartments. In the middle, glass door leading on to the verandah. Besides the usual drawing-room furniture there is, in corner on right, a writing-table, near door on left, a sofa, a bookcase and books in windows and on the chairs. Evening. There is a single lamp alight with a shade on it. It is half dark. There is the sound of the trees rustling, and the wind howling in the chimney. A watchman is tapping. Enter Medvedenko and Masha.

Masha
Calling. Konstantin Gavrilitch! Konstantin Gavrilitch! Looking round. No, there is no one here. The old man keeps asking every minute, where is Kostya, where is Kostya? He cannot live without him.﻿ ﻿…

Medvedenko
He is afraid of being alone. Listening. What awful weather! This is the second day of it.

Masha
Turns up the lamp. There are waves on the lake. Great big ones.

Medvedenko
How dark it is in the garden! We ought to have told them to break up that stage in the garden. It stands as bare and ugly as a skeleton, and the curtain flaps in the wind. When I passed it yesterday evening, it seemed as though someone were crying in it.

Masha
What next﻿ ﻿… a pause.

Medvedenko
Let us go home, Masha.

Masha
Shakes her head. I shall stay here for the night.

Medvedenko
In an imploring voice. Masha, do come! Our baby must be hungry.

Masha
Nonsense. Matryona will feed him a pause.

Medvedenko
I am sorry for him. He has been three nights now without his mother.

Masha
You are a bore. In old days you used at least to discuss general subjects, but now it is only home, baby, home, baby﻿—that’s all one can get out of you.

Medvedenko
Come along, Masha!

Masha
Go by yourself.

Medvedenko
Your father won’t let me have a horse.

Masha
Yes, he will. You ask, and he will.

Medvedenko
Very well, I’ll ask. Then you will come tomorrow?

Masha
Taking a pinch of snuff. Very well, tomorrow. How you pester me.

Enter Treplev and Polina Andreyevna; Treplev brings in pillows and a quilt, and Polina Andreyevna sheets and pillowcases; they lay them on the sofa, then Treplev goes to his table and sits down.

Masha
What’s this for, mother?

Polina
Pyotr Nikolayevitch asked us to make a bed for him in Kostya’s room.

Masha
Let me do it makes the bed.

Polina
Sighing. Old people are like children goes up to the writing-table, and leaning on her elbow, looks at the manuscript; a pause.

Medvedenko
Well, I am going then. Goodbye, Masha kisses his wife’s hand. Goodbye, mother tries to kiss his mother-in-law’s hand.

Polina
With vexation. Come, if you are going, go.

Medvedenko
Goodbye, Konstantin Gavrilitch.

Treplev gives him his hand without speaking; Medvedenko goes out.

Polina
Looking at the MS. No one would have guessed or thought that you would have become a real author, Kostya. And now, thank God, they send you money from the magazines. Passes her hand over his hair. And you have grown good-looking too.﻿ ﻿… Dear, good Kostya, do be a little kinder to my Mashenka!

Masha
As she makes the bed. Leave him alone, mother.

Polina
To Treplev. She is a nice little thing a pause. A woman wants nothing, you know, Kostya, so long as you give her a kind look. I know from myself.

Treplev gets up from the table and walks away without speaking.

Masha
Now you have made him angry. What induced you to pester him?

Polina
I feel so sorry for you, Mashenka.

Masha
Much use that is!

Polina
My heart aches for you. I see it all, you know, I understand it all.

Masha
It’s all foolishness. There is no such thing as hopeless love except in novels. It’s of no consequence. The only thing is one mustn’t let oneself go and keep expecting something, waiting for the tide to turn.﻿ ﻿… When love gets into the heart there is nothing to be done but to clear it out. Here they promised to transfer my husband to another district. As soon as I am there, I shall forget it all﻿ ﻿… I shall tear it out of my heart.

Two rooms away a melancholy waltz is played.

Polina
That’s Kostya playing. He must be depressed.

Masha
Noiselessly dances a few waltz steps. The great thing, mother, is not to have him before one’s eyes. If they only give my Semyon his transfer, trust me, I shall get over it in a month. It’s all nonsense.

Door on left opens. Dorn and Medvedenko wheel in Sorin in his chair.

Medvedenko
I have six of them at home now. And flour is two kopeks per pound.

Dorn
You’ve got to look sharp to make both ends meet.

Medvedenko
It’s all very well for you to laugh. You’ve got more money than you know what to do with.

Dorn
Money? After thirty years of practice, my boy, troublesome work during which I could not call my soul my own by day or by night, I only succeeded in saving two thousand roubles, and that I spent not long ago abroad. I have nothing.

Masha
To her husband. You have not gone?

Medvedenko
Guiltily. Well, how can I when they won’t let me have a horse?

Masha
With bitter vexation in an undertone. I can’t bear the sight of you.

The wheelchair remains in the left half of the room; Polina Andreyevna, Masha and Dorn sit down beside it, Medvedenko moves mournfully to one side.

Dorn
What changes there have been here! The drawing-room has been turned into a study.

Masha
It is more convenient for Konstantin Gavrilitch to work here. Whenever he likes, he can walk out into the garden and think there.

A watchman taps.

Sorin
Where is my sister?

Dorn
She has gone to the station to meet Trigorin. She will be back directly.

Sorin
Since you thought it necessary to send for my sister, I must be dangerously ill. After a silence. It’s a queer thing, I am dangerously ill and here they don’t give me any medicines.

Dorn
Well, what would you like to have? Valerian drops? Soda? Quinine?

Sorin
Ah, he is at his moralising again! What an infliction it is! With a motion of his head towards the sofa. Is that bed for me?

Polina
Yes, it’s for you, Pyotr Nikolayevitch.

Sorin
Thank you.

Dorn
Hums. “The moon is floating in the midnight sky.”

Sorin
I want to give Kostya a subject for a story. It ought to be called “The Man Who Wished”﻿—L’homme qui a voulu. In my youth I wanted to become a literary man﻿—and didn’t; I wanted to speak well﻿—and I spoke horribly badly, mimicking himself “and all the rest of it, and all that, and so on, and so forth”﻿ ﻿… and I would go plodding on and on, trying to sum up till I was in a regular perspiration; I wanted to get married﻿—and I didn’t; I always wanted to live in town and here I am ending my life in the country﻿—and so on.

Dorn
I wanted to become an actual civil councillor﻿—and I have.

Sorin
Laughs. That I had no hankerings after. That happened of itself.

Dorn
To be expressing dissatisfaction with life at sixty-two is really ungracious, you know.

Sorin
What a persistent fellow he is! You might understand that one wants to live!

Dorn
That’s just frivolity. It’s the law of nature that every life must have an end.

Sorin
You argue like a man who has had enough. You are satisfied and so you are indifferent to life, nothing matters to you. But even you will be afraid to die.

Dorn
The dread of death is an animal fear. One must overcome it. A rational fear of death is only possible for those who believe in eternal life and are conscious of their sins. And you, in the first place, don’t believe, and, in the second, what sins have you to worry about? You have served in the courts of justice for twenty-five years﻿—that’s all.

Sorin
Laughs. Twenty-eight.

Treplev comes in and sits down on a stool at Sorin’s feet. Masha never takes her eyes off him.

Dorn
We are hindering Konstantin Gavrilitch from working.

Treplev
Oh no, it doesn’t matter a pause.

Medvedenko
Allow me to ask you, doctor, what town did you like best abroad?

Dorn
Genoa.

Treplev
Why Genoa?

Dorn
The life in the streets is so wonderful there. When you go out of the hotel in the evening, the whole street is packed with people. You wander aimlessly zigzagging about among the crowd, backwards and forwards; you live with it, are psychologically at one with it and begin almost to believe that a world-soul is really possible, such as was acted by Nina Zaretchny in your play. And, by the way, where is she now? How is she getting on?

Treplev
I expect she is quite well.

Dorn
I was told that she was leading a rather peculiar life. How was that?

Treplev
That’s a long story, doctor.

Dorn
Well, tell it us shortly a pause.

Treplev
She ran away from home and had an affair with Trigorin. You know that?

Dorn
I know.

Treplev
She had a child. The child died. Trigorin got tired of her and went back to his old ties, as might have been expected. Though, indeed, he had never abandoned them, but in his weak-willed way contrived to keep both going. As far as I can make out from what I have heard, Nina’s private life was a complete failure.

Dorn
And the stage?

Treplev
I fancy that was worse still. She made her debut at some holiday place near Moscow, then went to the provinces. All that time I did not lose sight of her, and wherever she went I followed her. She always took big parts, but she acted crudely, without taste, screamingly, with violent gestures. There were moments when she uttered a cry successfully or died successfully, but they were only moments.

Dorn
Then she really has some talent?

Treplev
It was difficult to make it out. I suppose she has. I saw her but she would not see me, and the servants would not admit me at the hotel. I understood her state of mind and did not insist on seeing her a pause. What more can I tell you? Afterwards, when I was back at home, I had some letters from her﻿—warm, intelligent, interesting letters. She did not complain, but I felt that she was profoundly unhappy; every line betrayed sick overstrained nerves. And her imagination is a little unhinged. She signed herself the Seagull. In Pushkin’s “Mermaid” the miller says that he is a raven, and in the same way in her letters she kept repeating that she was a seagull. Now she is here.

Dorn
Here? How do you mean?

Treplev
In the town, staying at an inn. She has been there for five days. I did go to see her, and Marya Ilyinishna here went too, but she won’t see anyone. Semyon Semyonitch declares he saw her yesterday afternoon in the fields a mile and a half from here.

Medvedenko
Yes, I saw her. She went in that direction, towards the town. I bowed to her and asked her why she did not come to see us. She said she would come.

Treplev
She won’t come a pause. Her father and stepmother refuse to recognise her. They have put watchmen about so that she may not even go near the house walks away with the doctor towards the writing table. How easy it is to be a philosopher on paper, doctor, and how difficult it is in life!

Sorin
She was a charming girl.

Dorn
What?

Sorin
She was a charming girl, I say. Actual Civil Councillor Sorin was positively in love with her for a time.

Dorn
The old Lovelace.

Shamraev’s laugh is heard.

Polina
I fancy our people have come back from the station.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
Yes, I hear mother.

Enter Madame Arkadin, Trigorin and with them Shamraev.

Shamraev
As he enters. We all grow old and dilapidated under the influence of the elements, while you, honoured lady, are still young﻿ ﻿… a light blouse, sprightliness, grace.﻿ ﻿…

Madame Arkadin
You want to bring me ill-luck again, you tiresome man!

Trigorin
How do you do, Pyotr Nikolayevitch! So you are still poorly? That’s bad! Seeing Masha, joyfully. Marya Ilyinishna!

Masha
You know me, do you? Shakes hands.

Trigorin
Married?

Masha
Long ago.

Trigorin
Are you happy? Bows to Dorn and Medvedenko, then hesitatingly approaches Treplev. Irina Nikolayevna has told me that you have forgotten the past and are no longer angry.

Treplev holds out his hand.

Madame Arkadin
To her son. Boris Alexeyevitch has brought the magazine with your new story in it.

Treplev
Taking the magazine, to Trigorin. Thank you, you are very kind. They sit down.

Trigorin
Your admirers send their greetings to you.﻿ ﻿… In Petersburg and Moscow there is great interest in your work and I am continually being asked questions about you. People ask what you are like, how old you are, whether you are dark or fair. Everyone imagines, for some reason, that you are no longer young. And no one knows your real name, as you always publish under a pseudonym. You are as mysterious as the Iron Mask.

Treplev
Will you be able to make a long stay?

Trigorin
No, I think I must go back to Moscow tomorrow. I am obliged to. I am in a hurry to finish my novel, and besides, I have promised something for a collection of tales that is being published. It’s the old story, in fact.

While they are talking Madame Arkadin and Polina Andreyevna put a card-table in the middle of the room and open it out. Shamraev lights candles and sets chairs. A game of loto is brought out of the cupboard.

Trigorin
The weather has not given me a friendly welcome. There is a cruel wind. If it has dropped by tomorrow morning I shall go to the lake to fish. And I must have a look at the garden and that place where﻿—you remember?﻿—your play was acted. I’ve got a subject for a story, I only want to revive my recollections of the scene in which it is laid.

Masha
To her father. Father, let my husband have a horse! He must get home.

Shamraev
Mimicking. Must get home﻿—a horse! Sternly. You can see for yourself: they have just been to the station. I can’t send them out again.

Masha
But there are other horses. Seeing that her father says nothing, waves her hand. There’s no doing anything with you.

Medvedenko
I can walk, Masha. Really.﻿ ﻿…

Polina
With a sigh. Walk in such weather﻿ ﻿… sits down to the card-table. Come, friends.

Medvedenko
It is only four miles. Goodbye kisses his wife’s hand. Goodbye, mother. His mother-in-law reluctantly holds out her hand for him to kiss. I wouldn’t trouble anyone, but the baby﻿ ﻿… bows to the company. Goodbye﻿ ﻿… goes out with a guilty step.

Shamraev
He can walk right enough. He’s not a general.

Polina
Tapping on the table. Come, friends. Don’t let us waste time, we shall soon be called to supper.

Shamraev, Masha and Dorn sit down at the table.

Madame Arkadin
To Trigorin. When the long autumn evenings come on, they play loto here. Look, it’s the same old loto that we had when our mother used to play with us, when we were children. Won’t you have a game before supper? Sits down to the table with Trigorin. It’s a dull game, but it is not so bad when you are used to it deals three cards to everyone.

Treplev
Turning the pages of the magazine. He has read his own story, but he has not even cut mine puts the magazine down on the writing-table, then goes towards door on left; as he passes his mother he kisses her on the head.

Madame Arkadin
And you, Kostya?

Treplev
Excuse me, I would rather not﻿ ﻿… I am going out goes out.

Madame Arkadin
The stake is ten kopeks. Put it down for me, doctor, will you?

Dorn
Right.

Masha
Has everyone put down their stakes? I begin﻿ ﻿… Twenty-two.

Madame Arkadin
Yes.

Masha
Three!

Dorn
Right!

Masha
Did you play three? Eight! Eighty-one! Ten!

Shamraev
Don’t be in a hurry!

Madame Arkadin
What a reception I had in Harkov! My goodness! I feel dizzy with it still.

Masha
Thirty-four!

A melancholy waltz is played behind the scenes.

Madame Arkadin
The students gave me an ovation.﻿ ﻿… Three baskets of flowers﻿ ﻿… two wreaths and this, see unfastens a brooch on her throat and lays it on the table.

Shamraev
Yes, that is a thing.﻿ ﻿…

Masha
Fifty!

Dorn
Exactly fifty?

Madame Arkadin
I had a wonderful dress.﻿ ﻿… Whatever I don’t know, I do know how to dress.

Polina
Kostya is playing the piano; he is depressed, poor fellow.

Shamraev
He is awfully abused in the newspapers.

Masha
Seventy-seven!

Madame Arkadin
As though that mattered!

Trigorin
He never quite comes off. He has not yet hit upon his own medium. There is always something queer and vague, at times almost like delirium. Not a single living character.

Masha
Eleven!

Madame Arkadin
Looking round at Sorin. Petrusha, are you bored? A pause. He is asleep.

Dorn
The actual civil councillor is asleep.

Masha
Seven! Ninety!

Trigorin
If I lived in such a place, beside a lake, do you suppose I should write? I should overcome this passion and should do nothing but fish.

Masha
Twenty-eight!

Trigorin
Catching perch is so delightful!

Dorn
Well, I believe in Konstantin Gavrilitch. There is something in him! There is something in him! He thinks in images; his stories are vivid, full of colour and they affect me strongly. The only pity is that he has not got definite aims. He produces an impression and that’s all, but you can’t get far with nothing but an impression. Irina Nikolayevna, are you glad that your son is a writer?

Madame Arkadin
Only fancy, I have not read anything of his yet. I never have time.

Masha
Twenty-six!

Treplev comes in quietly and sits down at his table.

Shamraev
To Trigorin. We have still got something here belonging to you, Boris Alexeyevitch.

Trigorin
What’s that?

Shamraev
Konstantin Gavrilitch shot a seagull and you asked me to get it stuffed for you.

Trigorin
I don’t remember! Pondering. I don’t remember!

Masha
Sixty-six! One!

Treplev
Flinging open the window, listens. How dark it is! I don’t know why I feel so uneasy.

Madame Arkadin
Kostya, shut the window, there’s a draught.

Treplev shuts the window.

Masha
Eighty-eight!

Trigorin
The game is mine!

Madame Arkadin
Gaily. Bravo, bravo!

Shamraev
Bravo!

Madame Arkadin
That man always has luck in everything gets up. And now let us go and have something to eat. Our great man has not dined today. We will go on again after supper. To her son. Kostya, leave your manuscripts and come to supper.

Treplev
I don’t want any, mother, I am not hungry.

Madame Arkadin
As you like. Wakes Sorin. Petrusha, supper! Takes Shamraev’s arm. I’ll tell you about my reception in Harkov.

Polina Andreyevna puts out the candles on the table. Then she and Dorn wheel the chair. All go out by door on left; only Treplev, sitting at the writing-table, is left on the stage.

Treplev
Settling himself to write; runs through what he has written already. I have talked so much about new forms and now I feel that little by little I am falling into a convention myself. Reads. “The placard on the wall proclaimed.﻿ ﻿… The pale face in its setting of dark hair.” Proclaimed, setting. That’s stupid scratches out. I will begin where the hero is awakened by the patter of the rain, and throw out all the rest. The description of the moonlight evening is long and over elaborate. Trigorin has worked out methods for himself, it’s easy for him now.﻿ ﻿… With him the broken bottle neck glitters on the dam and the mill-wheel casts a black shadow﻿—and there you have the moonlight night, while I have the tremulous light, and the soft twinkling of the stars, and the faraway strains of the piano dying away in the still fragrant air.﻿ ﻿… It’s agonising a pause. I come more and more to the conviction that it is not a question of new and old forms, but that what matters is that a man should write without thinking about forms at all, write because it springs freely from his soul. There is a tap at the window nearest to the table. What is that? Looks out of window. There is nothing to be seen﻿ ﻿… opens the glass door and looks out into the garden. Someone ran down the steps. Calls. Who is there? Goes out and can be heard walking rapidly along the verandah; returns half a minute later with Nina Zaretchny. Nina, Nina!

Nina lays her head on his breast and weeps with subdued sobs.

Treplev
Moved. Nina! Nina! It’s you﻿ ﻿… you.﻿ ﻿… It’s as though I had foreseen it, all day long my heart has been aching and restless takes off her hat and cape. Oh, my sweet, my precious, she has come at last! Don’t let us cry, don’t let us!

Nina
There is someone here.

Treplev
No one.

Nina
Lock the doors, someone may come in.

Treplev
No one will come in.

Nina
I know Irina Nikolayevna is here. Lock the doors.

Treplev
Locks the door on right, goes to door on left. There is no lock on this one, I’ll put a chair against it puts an armchair against the door. Don’t be afraid, no one will come.

Nina
Looking intently into his face. Let me look at you. Looking round. It’s warm, it’s nice.﻿ ﻿… In old days this was the drawing-room. Am I very much changed?

Treplev
Yes.﻿ ﻿… You are thinner and your eyes are bigger. Nina, how strange it is that I should be seeing you. Why would not you let me see you? Why haven’t you come all this time? I know you have been here almost a week﻿ ﻿… I have been to you several times every day; I stood under your window like a beggar.

Nina
I was afraid that you might hate me. I dream every night that you look at me and don’t know me. If only you knew! Ever since I came I have been walking here﻿ ﻿… by the lake. I have been near your house many times and could not bring myself to enter it. Let us sit down. They sit down. Let us sit down and talk and talk. It’s nice here, it’s warm and snug. Do you hear the wind? There’s a passage in Turgenev, “Well for the man on such a night who sits under the shelter of home, who has a warm corner in safety.” I am a seagull.﻿ ﻿… No, that’s not it rubs her forehead. What was I saying? Yes﻿ ﻿… Turgenev﻿ ﻿… ”And the Lord help all homeless wanderers!”﻿ ﻿… It doesn’t matter sobs.

Treplev
Nina, you are crying again.﻿ ﻿… Nina!

Nina
Never mind, it does me good﻿ ﻿… I haven’t cried for two years. Yesterday, late in the evening, I came into the garden to see whether our stage was still there. It is still standing. I cried for the first time after two years and it eased the weight on my heart and made it lighter. You see, I am not crying now takes him by the hand. And so now you are an author.﻿ ﻿… You are an author, I am an actress.﻿ ﻿… We too have been drawn into the whirlpool. I lived joyously, like a child﻿—I woke up singing in the morning; I loved you and dreamed of fame, and now? Early tomorrow morning I must go to Yelets third-class﻿ ﻿… with peasants, and at Yelets the cultured tradesmen will pester me with attentions. Life is a coarse business!

Treplev
Why to Yelets?

Nina
I have taken an engagement for the whole winter. It is time to go.

Treplev
Nina, I cursed you, I hated you, I tore up your letters and photographs, but I was conscious every minute that my soul is bound to yours forever. It’s not in my power to leave off loving you, Nina. Ever since I lost you and began to get my work published my life has been unbearable﻿—I am wretched.﻿ ﻿… My youth was, as it were, torn away all at once and it seems to me as though I have lived for ninety years already. I call upon you, I kiss the earth on which you have walked; wherever I look I see your face, that tender smile that lighted up the best days of my life.﻿ ﻿…

Nina
Distractedly. Why does he talk like this, why does he talk like this?

Treplev
I am alone in the world, warmed by no affection. I am as cold as though I were in a cellar, and everything I write is dry, hard and gloomy. Stay here, Nina, I entreat you, or let me go with you!

Nina rapidly puts on her hat and cape.

Treplev
Nina, why is this? For God’s sake, Nina! Looks at her as she puts her things on; a pause.

Nina
My horses are waiting at the gate. Don’t see me off, I’ll go alone.﻿ ﻿… Through her tears. Give me some water.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
Gives her some water. Where are you going now?

Nina
To the town a pause. Is Irina Nikolayevna here?

Treplev
Yes.﻿ ﻿… Uncle was taken worse on Thursday and we telegraphed for her.

Nina
Why do you say that you kissed the earth on which I walked? I ought to be killed. Bends over the table. I am so tired! If I could rest﻿ ﻿… if I could rest! Raising her head. I am a seagull.﻿ ﻿… No, that’s not it. I am an actress. Oh, well! Hearing Madame Arkadin and Trigorin laughing, she listens, then runs to door on left and looks through the keyhole. He is here too.﻿ ﻿… Turning back to Treplev. Oh, well﻿ ﻿… it doesn’t matter﻿ ﻿… no.﻿ ﻿… He did not believe in the stage, he always laughed at my dreams and little by little I left off believing in it too, and lost heart.﻿ ﻿… And then I was fretted by love and jealousy, and continually anxious over my little one.﻿ ﻿… I grew petty and trivial, I acted stupidly.﻿ ﻿… I did not know what to do with my arms, I did not know how to stand on the stage, could not control my voice. You can’t understand what it feels like when one knows one is acting disgracefully. I am a seagull. No, that’s not it.﻿ ﻿… Do you remember you shot a seagull? A man came by chance, saw it and, just to pass the time, destroyed it.﻿ ﻿… A subject for a short story.﻿ ﻿… That’s not it, though rubs herforehead. What was I saying? I am talking of the stage. Now I am not like that. I am a real actress, I act with enjoyment, with enthusiasm, I am intoxicated when I am on the stage and feel that I am splendid. And since I have been here, I keep walking about and thinking, thinking and feeling that my soul is getting stronger every day. Now I know, I understand, Kostya, that in our work﻿—in acting or writing﻿—what matters is not fame, not glory, not what I dreamed of, but knowing how to be patient. To bear one’s cross and have faith. I have faith and it all doesn’t hurt so much, and when I think of my vocation I am not afraid of life.

Treplev
Mournfully. You have found your path, you know which way you are going, but I am still floating in a chaos of dreams and images, not knowing what use it is to anyone. I have no faith and don’t know what my vocation is.

Nina
Listening. ’Sh‑sh﻿ ﻿… I am going. Goodbye. When I become a great actress, come and look at me. Will you promise? But now﻿ ﻿… Presses his hand it’s late. I can hardly stand on my feet.﻿ ﻿… I am worn out and hungry.﻿ ﻿…

Treplev
Stay, I’ll give you some supper.

Nina
No, no.﻿ ﻿… Don’t see me off, I will go by myself. My horses are close by.﻿ ﻿… So she brought him with her? Well, it doesn’t matter. When you see Trigorin, don’t say anything to him.﻿ ﻿… I love him! I love him even more than before.﻿ ﻿… A subject for a short story﻿ ﻿… I love him, I love him passionately, I love him to despair. It was nice in old days, Kostya! Do you remember? How clear, warm, joyous and pure life was, what feelings we had﻿—feelings like tender, exquisite flowers.﻿ ﻿… Do you remember? Recites. “Men, lions, eagles, and partridges, horned deer, geese, spiders, silent fish that dwell in the water, starfishes, and creatures which cannot be seen by the eye﻿—all living things, all living things, all living things, have completed their cycle of sorrow, are extinct.﻿ ﻿… For thousands of years the earth has borne no living creature on its surface, and this poor moon lights its lamp in vain. On the meadow the cranes no longer waken with a cry and there is no sound of the May beetles in the lime trees﻿ ﻿…” Impulsively embraces Treplev and runs out of the glass door.

Treplev
After a pause. It will be a pity if someone meets her in the garden and tells mother. It may upset mother.﻿ ﻿…

He spends two minutes in tearing up all his manuscripts and throwing them under the table; then unlocks the door on right and goes out.

Dorn
Trying to open the door on left. Strange. The door seems to be locked﻿ ﻿… comes in and puts the armchair in its place. An obstacle race.

Enter Madame Arkadin and Polina Andreyevna, behind them Yakov carrying a tray with bottles; Masha; then Shamraev and Trigorin.

Madame Arkadin
Put the claret and the beer for Boris Alexeyevitch here on the table. We will play as we drink it. Let us sit down, friends.

Polina
To Yakov. Bring tea too at the same time lights the candles and sits down to the card table.

Shamraev
Leads Trigorin to the cupboard. Here’s the thing I was speaking about just now takes the stuffed seagull from the cupboard. This is what you ordered.

Trigorin
Looking at the seagull. I don’t remember it. Musing. I don’t remember.

The sound of a shot coming from right of stage; everyone starts.

Madame Arkadin
Frightened. What’s that?

Dorn
That’s nothing. It must be something in my medicine-chest that has gone off. Don’t be anxious goes out at door on right, comes back in half a minute. That’s what it is. A bottle of ether has exploded. Hums. “I stand before thee enchanted again.﻿ ﻿…”

Madame Arkadin
Sitting down to the table. Ough, how frightened I was. It reminded me of how﻿ ﻿… hides her face in her hands. It made me quite dizzy.﻿ ﻿…

Dorn
Turning over the leaves of the magazine, to Trigorin. There was an article in this two months ago﻿—a letter from America﻿—and I wanted to ask you, among other things puts his arm round Trigorin’s waist and leads him to the footlights as I am very much interested in the question.﻿ ﻿… In a lower tone, dropping his voice. Get Irina Nikolayevna away somehow. The fact is, Konstantin Gavrilitch has shot himself.﻿ ﻿…

Curtain.

Colophon

The Seagull
was published in 1895 by
Anton Chekhov.
It was translated from Russian in 1923 by
Constance Garnett.

This ebook was transcribed and produced in 2025 for
Standard Ebooks
by
Devin O’Bannon,
and is based on digital scans from
various sources.

The cover page is adapted from
The Wounded Seagull,
a painting completed in 1878 by
Jules Breton.
The cover and title pages feature the
League Spartan and Sorts Mill Goudy
typefaces created in 2014 and 2009 by
The League of Moveable Type.

This edition was released on
March 14, 2026, 10:07 p.m.
and is based on
revision 2cf89e5.
The first edition of this ebook was released on
October 13, 2025, 4:44 p.m.
You can check for updates to this ebook, view its revision history, or download it for different ereading systems at
standardebooks.org/ebooks/anton-chekhov/the-seagull/constance-garnett.

The volunteer-driven Standard Ebooks project relies on readers like you to submit typos, corrections, and other improvements. Anyone can contribute at standardebooks.org.

Uncopyright

May you do good and not evil.
May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
May you share freely, never taking more than you give.

Copyright pages exist to tell you that you can’t do something. Unlike them, this Uncopyright page exists to tell you that the writing and artwork in this ebook are believed to be in the United States public domain; that is, they are believed to be free of copyright restrictions in the United States. The United States public domain represents our collective cultural heritage, and items in it are free for anyone in the United States to do almost anything at all with, without having to get permission.

Copyright laws are different all over the world, and the source text or artwork in this ebook may still be copyrighted in other countries. If you’re not located in the United States, you must check your local laws before using this ebook. Standard Ebooks makes no representations regarding the copyright status of the source text or artwork in this ebook in any country other than the United States.

Non-authorship activities performed on items that are in the public domain﻿—so-called “sweat of the brow” work﻿—don’t create a new copyright. That means that nobody can claim a new copyright on an item that is in the public domain for, among other things, work like digitization, markup, or typography. Regardless, the contributors to this ebook release their contributions under the terms in the CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication, thus dedicating to the worldwide public domain all of the work they’ve done on this ebook, including but not limited to metadata, the titlepage, imprint, colophon, this Uncopyright, and any changes or enhancements to, or markup on, the original text and artwork. This dedication doesn’t change the copyright status of the source text or artwork. We make this dedication in the interest of enriching our global cultural heritage, to promote free and libre culture around the world, and to give back to the unrestricted culture that has given all of us so much.