4405 lines
255 KiB
HTML
4405 lines
255 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" lang="en-GB" epub:prefix="z3998: http://www.daisy.org/z3998/2012/vocab/structure/, se: https://standardebooks.org/vocab/1.0" xml:lang="en-GB">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<title>The Eumenides</title>
|
||
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/aeschylus/the-eumenides/gilbert-murray/text/single-page" />
|
||
<style><![CDATA[
|
||
@namespace epub "http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops";
|
||
|
||
/* core.css */
|
||
body{
|
||
font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums;
|
||
hyphens: auto;
|
||
text-wrap: pretty;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p{
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
text-indent: 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
hr{
|
||
border: none;
|
||
border-top: 1px solid;
|
||
height: 0;
|
||
margin: 1.5em auto;
|
||
width: 25%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
q::before,
|
||
q::after{
|
||
content: "";
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
blockquote{
|
||
margin: 1em 2.5em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
h1,
|
||
h2,
|
||
h3,
|
||
h4,
|
||
h5,
|
||
h6,
|
||
hgroup{
|
||
break-after: avoid;
|
||
break-inside: avoid;
|
||
font-variant: small-caps;
|
||
hyphens: none;
|
||
margin: 3em 0;
|
||
text-align: center;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* simulate h3 in an hgroup */
|
||
hgroup h2 + p{
|
||
font-size: 1.17em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* simulate h4 in an hgroup */
|
||
hgroup h2 + p + p,
|
||
hgroup h3 + p{
|
||
font-size: 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* simulate h5 in an hgroup */
|
||
hgroup h2 + p + p + p,
|
||
hgroup h3 + p + p,
|
||
hgroup h4 + p{
|
||
font-size: .83em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* simulate h6 in an hgroup */
|
||
hgroup h2 + p + p + p + p,
|
||
hgroup h3 + p + p + p,
|
||
hgroup h4 + p + p,
|
||
hgroup h5 + p{
|
||
font-size: .67em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
hgroup > *{
|
||
font-weight: normal;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
hgroup > *:first-child{
|
||
font-weight: bold;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
hgroup > p{
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p.continued,
|
||
h2 + p,
|
||
h3 + p,
|
||
h4 + p,
|
||
h5 + p,
|
||
h6 + p,
|
||
header + p,
|
||
hr + p,
|
||
hgroup + p,
|
||
p:first-child{
|
||
hanging-punctuation: first last;
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
cite{
|
||
font-style: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
abbr{
|
||
border: none;
|
||
white-space: nowrap;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
blockquote cite{
|
||
display: block;
|
||
font-style: italic;
|
||
text-align: right;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
blockquote cite i{
|
||
font-style: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
b,
|
||
strong{
|
||
font-variant: small-caps;
|
||
font-weight: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
i > i,
|
||
em > i,
|
||
i > em{
|
||
font-style: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
ol,
|
||
ul{
|
||
margin-bottom: 1em;
|
||
margin-top: 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
header{
|
||
break-after: avoid;
|
||
break-inside: avoid;
|
||
hyphens: none;
|
||
text-align: center;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
header > * + p{
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
article > header + *,
|
||
section > header + *{
|
||
margin-top: 3em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
a[epub|type~="noteref"]{
|
||
font-size: smaller;
|
||
font-style: normal !important;
|
||
vertical-align: super;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="endnotes"] > ol > li{
|
||
margin: 1em 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Invert images in dark mode. RMSDK requires a target media as well as a state. */
|
||
@media all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark){
|
||
img[epub|type~="se:image.color-depth.black-on-transparent"]{
|
||
filter: invert(100%);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
img[epub|type~="se:image.color-depth.black-on-transparent"][epub|type~="se:image.style.realistic"]{
|
||
background: currentColor;
|
||
filter: none;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
/* se.css */
|
||
/* This may appear in the colophon */
|
||
abbr[epub|type~="se:era"]{
|
||
font-variant: all-small-caps;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="titlepage"] h1,
|
||
section[epub|type~="titlepage"] p,
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] h2,
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"] h2{
|
||
left: -999em;
|
||
position: absolute;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="titlepage"] img{
|
||
display: block;
|
||
margin: 3em auto auto auto;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"],
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"]{
|
||
text-align: center;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] header,
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"] header{
|
||
line-height: 0;
|
||
margin-top: 3em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
img[epub|type~="z3998:publisher-logo"]{
|
||
max-width: 25%;
|
||
width: 220px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] p,
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"] p{
|
||
margin: 1em auto 0 auto;
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"] p{
|
||
font-size: smaller;
|
||
text-align: justify;
|
||
width: 75%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] p + p::before{
|
||
border-top: 1px solid;
|
||
content: "";
|
||
display: block;
|
||
margin: auto auto 1em auto;
|
||
width: 25%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] p:nth-last-child(2) time{
|
||
font-variant: small-caps;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] a{
|
||
font-variant: small-caps;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"] a,
|
||
section[epub|type~="colophon"] a{
|
||
hyphens: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="copyright-page"] p{
|
||
margin: 1em auto;
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="copyright-page"] blockquote p{
|
||
font-style: italic;
|
||
text-align: initial;
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="copyright-page"] blockquote p span{
|
||
display: block;
|
||
padding-left: 1em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="copyright-page"] blockquote br{
|
||
display: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
/* local.css */
|
||
section[epub|type~="z3998:scene"]{
|
||
margin-top: 20vh;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
abbr[epub|type~="se:era"]{
|
||
font-variant: all-small-caps;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Dramatis personae */
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:dramatis-personae"]{
|
||
text-align: center;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:dramatis-personae"] p{
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:dramatis-personae"] ul{
|
||
list-style: none;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:dramatis-personae"] ul li{
|
||
font-style: italic;
|
||
margin: 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
/* end dramatis personae */
|
||
|
||
/* Drama */
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] table,
|
||
table[epub|type~="z3998:drama"]{
|
||
border-collapse: collapse;
|
||
margin: 1em auto;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] tr:first-child td{
|
||
padding-top: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] tr:last-child td{
|
||
padding-bottom: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td{
|
||
padding: .5em;
|
||
vertical-align: top;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td:last-child{
|
||
padding-right: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td:first-child{
|
||
padding-left: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td[epub|type~="z3998:persona"]{
|
||
hyphens: none;
|
||
text-align: right;
|
||
width: 20%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:stage-direction"]{
|
||
font-style: italic;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:stage-direction"] [epub|type~="z3998:persona"],
|
||
i [epub|type~="z3998:persona"]{
|
||
font-style: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:stage-direction"]::before{
|
||
content: "(";
|
||
font-style: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:stage-direction"]::after{
|
||
content: ")";
|
||
font-style: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:persona"]{
|
||
font-variant: all-small-caps;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="z3998:scene"] > p{
|
||
margin: 1em auto;
|
||
width: 75%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media(max-width: 400px){
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td,
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td[epub|type~="z3998:persona"],
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td:last-child{
|
||
display: block;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
text-align: initial;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td[epub|type~="z3998:persona"]{
|
||
break-after: avoid;
|
||
margin-top: 1.5em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* `together` rows get a pseudo-stage-direction. */
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] tr.together td[epub|type~="z3998:persona"]::after{
|
||
content: " (Together.)";
|
||
font-style: italic;
|
||
font-variant: normal;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] .together td:last-child{
|
||
border: none;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Rows that are only stage direction get a top margin. */
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] td:first-child:not([epub|type]) + td{
|
||
margin-top: 1.5em;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
/* End drama */
|
||
|
||
/* Dialog */
|
||
tr.together{
|
||
break-inside: avoid;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
tr.together td{
|
||
padding: 0 .5em 0 0;
|
||
vertical-align: middle;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
tr.together td + td{
|
||
border-left: 1px solid;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:drama"] .together td:last-child{
|
||
padding-left: .5em;
|
||
}
|
||
/* End dialog */
|
||
|
||
/* Song, verse */
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:song"] p,
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:verse"] p{
|
||
text-align: initial;
|
||
text-indent: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:song"] p > span,
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:verse"] p > span{
|
||
display: block;
|
||
padding-left: 1em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:song"] p > span + br,
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:verse"] p > span + br{
|
||
display: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:song"] p + p{
|
||
margin-top: 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[epub|type~="z3998:verse"] p + p > span:first-child,
|
||
p span.i1{
|
||
padding-left: 2em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p span.i2{
|
||
padding-left: 3em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p span.i3{
|
||
padding-left: 4em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p span.i4{
|
||
padding-left: 5em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p span.i5{
|
||
padding-left: 6em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
p span.i6{
|
||
padding-left: 7em;
|
||
text-indent: -1em;
|
||
}
|
||
/* End song, verse */
|
||
|
||
|
||
/* web.css */
|
||
body{
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
flex-direction: column;
|
||
font-family: "Georgia", serif;
|
||
font-size: 18px;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
line-height: 1.5;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
main{
|
||
flex-grow: 1;
|
||
margin: 5rem auto 3rem;
|
||
max-width: 55ch;
|
||
padding: 0 3rem;
|
||
width: calc(100% - 2 * 3rem); /* calc instead of box-sizing: border-box which would make max-width count padding */
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header{
|
||
all: unset; /* Remove any properties set by selectors in the ebook itself */
|
||
background: #fff;
|
||
border-bottom: 1px solid #999;
|
||
box-shadow: 0 0 3px #ccc;
|
||
left: 0;
|
||
position: absolute;
|
||
right: 0;
|
||
top: 0;
|
||
z-index: 1000; /* Required so that SVGs don't scroll over the header */
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header ul{
|
||
align-items: center;
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
list-style: none;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
padding: 1em;
|
||
gap: 1.5em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header li:first-child{
|
||
margin-right: auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header li:first-child > a{
|
||
background: no-repeat center / 100% url("/images/logo-full.svg");
|
||
display: block;
|
||
font-size: 0;
|
||
height: 42px;
|
||
transition: transform 200ms ease;
|
||
width: 180px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header li:first-child > a:hover{
|
||
transform: scale(1.025) rotate(1deg);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > footer ul{
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
justify-content: space-between;
|
||
list-style: none;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
padding: 0.5em 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > footer li{
|
||
max-width: 40%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > main > section[epub|type~="titlepage"],
|
||
body > main > section[epub|type~="halftitlepage"]{
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
nav + section,
|
||
section + nav,
|
||
section + section,
|
||
section + article,
|
||
article + section,
|
||
article + article{
|
||
box-sizing: border-box;
|
||
margin-top: 12em !important;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
nav[epub|type~="toc"] ol{
|
||
list-style: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media(max-width: 65ch){
|
||
main{
|
||
padding: 0 2rem;
|
||
width: calc(100% - 2 * 2rem);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
section[epub|type~="imprint"] p{
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media(max-width: 450px){
|
||
body > header > nav > ul{
|
||
flex-wrap: wrap;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header > nav > ul > li > a{
|
||
font-size: .8rem;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header li:first-child > a{
|
||
background: no-repeat center / 100% url("/images/logo-small.svg");
|
||
width: 31px;
|
||
height: 20px;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media(prefers-color-scheme: dark){
|
||
body,
|
||
body > header{
|
||
background: #222222;
|
||
color: #ffffff;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* These three link colors provide WCAG AAA compliance at 16px */
|
||
a:link{
|
||
color: #6bb9f0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
a:active{
|
||
color: #e6cc22;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
a:visited{
|
||
color: #dda0dd;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header li:first-child > a,
|
||
img[epub|type~="se:image.color-depth.black-on-transparent"]{
|
||
filter: invert(1);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* As of July 2022 Chrome on Android doesn't yet understand `or (pointer: none)`
|
||
and will just drop this entire query together if it's included. */
|
||
@media(pointer: coarse){
|
||
body > header{
|
||
position: fixed;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body > header li:first-child > a{
|
||
height: 21px;
|
||
width: 90px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
nav[epub|type~="toc"] ol li{
|
||
margin-bottom: 2em;
|
||
margin-top: 2em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
*:target{
|
||
scroll-margin-top: 4em;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media((max-width: 450px) and (pointer: coarse)){
|
||
body > header li:first-child > a{
|
||
width: 31px;
|
||
height: 20px;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
]]></style>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body><main>
|
||
<section id="titlepage" epub:type="titlepage frontmatter">
|
||
<h1 epub:type="title">The Eumenides</h1>
|
||
<p>By <b epub:type="z3998:author z3998:personal-name">Aeschylus</b>.</p>
|
||
<p>Translated by <b epub:type="z3998:translator z3998:personal-name">Gilbert Murray</b>.</p>
|
||
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epub:type="se:image.color-depth.black-on-transparent"/>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<nav id="toc" epub:type="toc">
|
||
<h2 epub:type="title">Table of Contents</h2>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#titlepage">Titlepage</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#imprint">Imprint</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#introduction">Introduction</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#dramatis-personae">Dramatis Personae</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#halftitlepage">Half-Titlepage</a>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#the-eumenides">The Eumenides</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#endnotes">Endnotes</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#colophon">Colophon</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#uncopyright">Uncopyright</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<section id="imprint" epub:type="imprint frontmatter">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h2 epub:type="title">Imprint</h2>
|
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<img alt="The Standard Ebooks logo." 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epub:type="z3998:publisher-logo se:image.color-depth.black-on-transparent"/>
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</header>
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<p>This ebook is the product of many hours of hard work by volunteers for <a href="https://standardebooks.org/">Standard Ebooks</a>, and builds on the hard work of other literature lovers made possible by the public domain.</p>
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<p>This particular ebook is based on a transcription from <a href="https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20121108">Faded Page</a> and on digital scans from the <a href="https://archive.org/details/eumenidesthefuri0000aesc">Internet Archive</a>.</p>
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<p>The source text and artwork in this ebook are believed to be in the United States public domain; that is, they are believed to be free of copyright restrictions in the United States. They may still be copyrighted in other countries, so users located outside of the United States must check their local laws before using this ebook. The creators of, and contributors to, this ebook dedicate their contributions to the worldwide public domain via the terms in the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication</a>. For full license information, see the <a href="uncopyright">Uncopyright</a> at the end of this ebook.</p>
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||
<p>Standard Ebooks is a volunteer-driven project that produces ebook editions of public domain literature using modern typography, technology, and editorial standards, and distributes them free of cost. You can download this and other ebooks carefully produced for true book lovers at <a href="https://standardebooks.org/">standardebooks.org</a>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="introduction" epub:type="introduction frontmatter z3998:non-fiction">
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<h2 epub:type="title">Introduction</h2>
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<p>We have seen in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Agamemnon</i> how the law that “The doer must suffer,” or that Sin must bring Punishment, is mainly envisaged by the most primitive Greek tradition as a form of the blood-feud. It is blood calling for blood. At its simplest this takes the form of a straightforward vendetta, as when a man kills one of another tribe. There is no “sin” or “pollution” in this, though of course the kindred of the stranger will duly try to avenge him. Suppose, next, that a man kills, not a stranger, but his own kinsman. Then he has shed the “kindred blood,” and committed a real sin. He is polluted, and pollutes all who associate with him. If the kinsman has left any children or male representatives, they are bound in honour to take up the blood-feud and do vengeance, even though, if the relationship is very close, it may bring pollution on them. Thus Aegisthus, as son of Thyestes, acted quite correctly in killing Agamemnon, and Orestes in killing him. Similarly, when Clytemnestra killed Agamemnon the eternal law compelled Orestes to avenge him, however reluctantly.</p>
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<p>But suppose there is no avenger left, what then? It is one of the fears that torment Orestes in Euripides’ <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Electra</i>, “Who will do justice on me, when she is dead?” In that case, though there is no visible human avenger, the Law nevertheless acts. The doer must suffer. That is <i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">Dikê</i>, Justice. It is the law of Themis, of Moira, of the Erinyes, and ultimately of Mother Earth. Let us consider each of these conceptions separately.</p>
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<p>Themis, as <abbr epub:type="z3998:name-title">Dr.</abbr> Jane Harrison has shown, is the correct tribal custom, the thing that is always done—always, that is, by the people who really know. When prodigies occur, or bewildering emergencies, and you do not know what to do, you consult the elders or other authorities on ritual and precedent. If they fail you, you go to an oracle and consult the great ancestors, the “Earthy” or “Underworld” people, called <i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">Chthonioi</i>, lying in the bosom of the earth. They tell you what is Themis; and that is why Themis presides at Delphi.</p>
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<p>Moira is commonly translated “Fate,” but more strictly it is the “portion” allotted to every man, god, or city. Each of us must fulfil his portion; he cannot escape it: he must not exceed it nor trespass on the Moira of another. And the Moirai, when personified, are the Assigners or Apportioners of man’s lot in life. One is reminded of the conception of Righteousness in Plato’s Republic, where every man fulfils his “portion” of service to the community.</p>
|
||
<p id="introduction-p-5">And the Erinyes. They are the wrath of the dead or the injured acting as a curse and pursuing the transgressor. Orestes, in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Choëphoroe</i>, sees them as “his mother’s wrathful hounds.” In this play we see Clytemnestra waken them when they have fallen asleep. They are obedient to her wrath, for they are her wrath in personal form. And such wrath, though chiefly conceived as the blood-feud of the murdered, can be roused by any <em>Hubris</em> or overstepping of Moira. In the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Agamemnon</i> the Erinys avenges the vulture whose nest has been robbed. And in the Iliad, at the great moment when Achilles’ horse breaks into speech to warn his master of approaching death, the Erinyes “check his voice” (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.poem"><abbr>Il.</abbr></i> <span epub:type="z3998:roman">XIX</span> 418). The horse, however well-intentioned, was obviously transgressing his Moira.</p>
|
||
<p>So far we can follow the ancient ideas without much difficulty. But it is rather a surprise to the modern to find Mother Earth among the supreme authorities for executing this law. It is because Earth is the home of the dead, the Chthonian people, both the great ancestors who know what is Themis and “the wronged ones in the darkness” who cry for justice on their oppressors. Their wrath is her wrath. Besides that, whenever kindred blood is shed, the intolerable stain falls first and most directly on the face of Mother Earth. It pollutes her, and she sends up her punishments from below, blight and barrenness and plague, just as to the innocent in normal times she sends life and fruitfulness. Thus we see that blessing as well as cursing lies in the power of the Chthonian people, the dead, the Erinyes, and collectively of Mother Earth. They who send can also withhold.</p>
|
||
<p>The law that “The doer shall suffer” is a natural law like the maturing of seed, or the return of spring; most of all like the growth and diminishing every year of the power of the Sun. For that diminishing is really a punishment due to the <em>Hubris</em> which the Sun committed when at his height. There are suggestions occasionally that, since every living thing has its own Moira, one Moira might conceivably interfere with another, just as sometimes God may prevent the seed from maturing (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Agamemnon</i>, <abbr>l.</abbr> 1025). But in the main the rule that blood calls for blood, that <em>Hubris</em> goes before a fall, or that sin brings punishment, stands as an unbroken natural law, and the Erinyes are its especial guardians.</p>
|
||
<p>That being so, how can there be any forgiveness? Would not forgiveness be a sort of monstrosity, a wanton breach in the law of Cause and Effect? Aeschylus, in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Agamemnon</i>, gives his answer in unusually clear language (161–182). The prophet Calchas has been describing the ravenous feast of the two Eagles; the wrath of Artemis thereat and the vengeance exacted in the death of Iphigenia; the future vengeance to be exacted for that death; and beyond a yet further vista of vengeances re-avenged. Then Aeschylus asks how man can find escape from this endless chain and “cast off from his mind the burden of futility.” “Only,” he answers, “in the thought of Zeus, whatever Zeus may be.” It is a Zeus sublimated by the mind of Aeschylus and very different from that glorified Achaean chieftain who was King of gods and men in the ordinary Homeric tradition. To Aeschylus Zeus, as the ruler of heaven, is the founder of a new world, much as Athena herself was the founder of a new civilization on earth. The old gods struck and were stricken; they fought and they passed away. One had no more meaning than another. But Zeus is “He who made a road to Thought, who established Learning by Suffering to be an abiding law.” He himself in the distant past won his throne by violence, but now he has learned and his heart is changed.</p>
|
||
<p>This idea of a supreme Ruler who, though inscrutably wise, is not perfect but only working his way towards perfection, was developed by Aeschylus in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Prometheus</i>-trilogy, where Zeus, beginning as a conqueror and a tyrant, seems at first like the villain of the piece. But he possesses this peculiar secret: he can learn by his own offences; so the end is reconciliation. Similarly in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Supplices</i> we hear how Io, once the persecuted victim of his lust, is at last led to peace and blessedness and becomes the Virgin Mother of the Deliverer of Prometheus.<a href="#note-1" id="noteref-1" epub:type="noteref">1</a> The idea is not purely Aeschylean, for Pindar also tells us how Eternal Zeus set free his chained enemies, the Titans (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.book"><abbr>Pyth.</abbr></i> <span epub:type="z3998:roman">IV</span> 291). It is also he who instituted the law of the suppliant. He forgave the bloodstained Ixion because of his suffering and prayer. Nay, he is not only the protector of suppliants, he is himself the Eternal Suppliant, the God and Master of all things, who forgives because he also craves for forgiveness (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Supplices</i>, <abbr>l.</abbr> 1). There, however, we touch upon a mystery. … The essential point is that the Zeus who learns and understands is also the Zeus who can forgive the sinner. He can forgive just because he understands. The Law of the Moirai and the Erinyes neither understands nor forgives. It simply operates.</p>
|
||
<p>“All this,” it may be said, “is possible enough, but it is not what Aeschylus represents as occurring. Zeus does not appear at all in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Eumenides</i>.” Of course he does not. The Greek convention, like our own, did not easily represent the Supreme Father in bodily form on the stage. Apart from satyr-plays and comedy, I only know of one play, <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">The Soul Weighing</i> of Aeschylus, in which Zeus was actually represented; and there he appears not on the stage but in the sky, holding the divine balance. In the Eumenides he is represented by his son and daughter, Apollo and Athena.</p>
|
||
<p>Apollo, we are told expressly, is “the <i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">Prophêtês Dios</i>, the revealer of Zeus” (19). He says himself, “Never have I spoken on my throne of prophecy any word concerning man, woman or city, which was not commanded by Zeus the Father” (616). He warns the Court not to disregard the oracles “that are mine and the Father’s” (713). Consequently we see that it was by the will of Zeus himself that Orestes slew his mother, it is Zeus who wills now that he be set free.</p>
|
||
<p>Athena likewise, we are told with emphasis, is the daughter of Zeus alone, with no mother. She is pure, undiluted Zeus (664 <abbr>ff.</abbr>). She is, so to speak, his Thought, not born by any bodily process, but sprung directly from his brain (665); and when she gives her vote it is not so much that she votes on the side of Zeus but that her judgement inevitably is the same as his, “for I am utterly the Father’s” (738). When she asks the Furies to yield to the will of Zeus she says, “I also trust and obey him. I know his overwhelming strength, but He needs it not!” (826). And she explains that Zeus has given to her just that power of thinking and understanding (<i lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">τὸ φρονεῖν</i>) to which we were told in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Agamemnon</i> that he was guiding mankind. Thus the mechanical and automatic operation of the Law is corrected by the will of the Father. It is not broken, but more truly and perfectly fulfilled.</p>
|
||
<p>One is reminded of a passage in Plato’s <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Statesman</i>: “The best of all is not that a law should rule, but a man, if the man be wise and of royal nature. … A law can never comprehend exactly what is noblest and most just for all cases, and consequently cannot enjoin what is best. The infinite varieties of men and circumstances, and the fact that nothing human ever for a moment stands still, make it impossible for any art to lay down a simple rule to hold universally and for all time. … But that is what we see the law aiming at, like some stubborn and ignorant man who will allow nothing to be done against his orders and no further question to be asked …” (<abbr>p.</abbr> 294<em>a</em>).</p>
|
||
<p>Equally near to Aeschylus is Aristotle’s famous discussion of the difference between legal justice and that higher justice which he calls <i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">Epieikeia</i> (Equity). “It is the correction of the law where it fails owing to its generality” (<i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Ethics</i>, <span epub:type="z3998:roman">V</span> <abbr>p.</abbr> 1137 <em>b</em>, 26), and the correction has to be applied by the “wise man.” In Aeschylus as in these two philosophers the ultimate justice is to be found in an appeal from a law to a person.</p>
|
||
<p>This appeal plays an important role in the history of Greek thought, and consequently in that of all modern Europe. The other philosophic schools of the Hellenistic Age, Cynic, Stoic, and Epicurean, made even greater use than Plato and Aristotle of the idea of the Wise Man, rather than the Law, as the judge and embodiment of right conduct. In a grosser form the idea invaded practical politics. We find the Hellenistic world escaping from the conflict of constitutions and systems of law by the deification of Alexander and his successors, and cutting its juridical knots by the legal fiction of the divine will. Nay, even before Aeschylus set to work upon it, the same conception was really implicit in the anthropomorphism of the classical Olympian religion. As I have tried to show elsewhere,<a href="#note-2" id="noteref-2" epub:type="noteref">2</a> the great advance made by that system as compared with the welter of primitive taboos and terrors which it tried, however artificially and inadequately, to supersede, lies in this same humanizing of the nonhuman. It brought to man the Good News that, as Plutarch expresses it, “the world is not ruled by fabulous Typhons and Giants”—nor, we may add, by blind mechanical laws—“but by One who is a wise Father to all.” It sought to make religion humane at the expense of making it anthropomorphic.</p>
|
||
<p>It is more interesting still to realize that the Aeschylean doctrine is in essence an early and less elaborate stage of the theological system which we associate with <abbr>St.</abbr> Paul: the suppression of the Law by a personal relation to a divine person, and a consequent disregard for the crude coarse test of a man’s “works” or “deeds” in comparison with the one unfailing test of the spirit, its “faith” or “faithfulness” towards God. Aeschylus would have understood Paul’s exhortation to escape beyond the “beggarly elements” to Him who made them, beyond the Creation to the Creator; and Paul would have understood Aeschylus’ insistence on the forgiveness of the suppliant, that is, of him who believes and repents and prays. It is noteworthy, indeed, that Paul made one great concession to primitive thought which Aeschylus had entirely rejected. When Orestes is pardoned by the will of Zeus, the Furies yield; the Law is deemed to be satisfied; there is no talk of its demanding to be paid off with another victim. But in Paul, when man is to be forgiven, the sin still claims its punishment, the blood will still have blood; and the only way to appease it is for the Divine King, himself or his son, to “die for the people.” Thus the pollution is cleansed and sin duly paid with blood, though it happens to be the blood of the innocent. Aeschylus, as a poet, was familiar with that conception. He knew how Codrus died, and Menoikeus and Macaria, how Agamemnon and Erechtheus and other kings had given their children to die. But for him such practices belonged to that primitive and barbaric world which Hellenic Zeus had swept away, so he hoped, forever.</p>
|
||
<p>A modern reader is more likely to ask why, if Orestes only fulfilled the command of Zeus, he should be punished at all. Why is there any talk of suffering and forgiveness? The answer is quite straightforward. He has after all broken the Law; he has offended against Themis and Moira, and he must suffer. In modern language, a man who kills his mother, even if he is amply justified in doing so, is bound to suffer acute grief and distress; if he did not, he would really deserve to be punished. It is only in the end that Zeus can overrule and make good, just as he did with Io and with Prometheus. It is in the end, after suffering and struggle, after cleansing and supplication, that union is achieved between the Law which acts like blind fate and the Father who understands.<a href="#note-3" id="noteref-3" epub:type="noteref">3</a></p>
|
||
<p>Thus at last the offender who deserves pardon can be pardoned. But that is not all. The Law that can pardon and understand can itself be understood and loved. Its ministers are no longer alien and hostile beings, proud of the agonies which they righteously inflict and the hatred which they naturally inspire. They are accepted by Athena as fellow-citizens, and their Law recognized as an inward aspiration, a standard of right living which men consciously need and seek. The “Furies” have become “Eumenides.”</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="dramatis-personae" epub:type="z3998:dramatis-personae frontmatter z3998:fiction z3998:drama">
|
||
<h2 epub:type="title">Dramatis Personae</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>The Pythian Prophetess</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Orestes</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>The God Apollo</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>The Goddess Pallas Athena</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>The Ghost of Clytemnestra</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Chorus of Furies (Eumenides)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Chorus of Athenian Citizens</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="halftitlepage" epub:type="halftitlepage frontmatter">
|
||
<h2 epub:type="fulltitle">The Eumenides</h2>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="the-eumenides" epub:type="z3998:drama bodymatter z3998:fiction">
|
||
<section id="the-eumenides-1" epub:type="z3998:scene">
|
||
<p>The Scene represents the front of the Temple of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</b> at Delphi; great doors at the back lead to the inner shrine and the central Altar. The Pythian <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Prophetess</b> is standing before the Doors.<a href="#note-4" id="noteref-4" epub:type="noteref">4</a></p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Prophetess</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>First of all Gods I worship in this prayer<a href="#note-5" id="noteref-5" epub:type="noteref">5</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Earth, the primeval prophet; after her</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Themis, the Wise, who on her mother’s throne—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>So runs the tale—sat second; by whose own</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Accepted will, with never strife nor stress,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Third reigned another earth-born Titaness,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Phoebe; from whom (for that he bears her name)</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To Phoebus as a birthtide gift it came.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>He left his isle, he left his Delian seas,<a href="#note-6" id="noteref-6" epub:type="noteref">6</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>He passed Athena’s wave-worn promontories,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In haste this great Parnassus to possess</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And Delphi, thronèd in the wilderness.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And with him came, to escort him and revere,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A folk born of Hephaistos, pioneer</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of God’s way, making sweet a bitter land.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And much this people and the King whose hand</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Then steered them, Delphos, glorified his name,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Till Zeus into his heart put mystic flame</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And prophet here enthroned him, fourth in use:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>So Loxias’ lips reveal the thought of Zeus.<a href="#note-7" id="noteref-7" epub:type="noteref">7</a></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>These gods be foremost in all prayers of mine,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who have held the Throne. Next, She before the shrine,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Pallas, is praisèd, and the Nymphs who keep</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Yon old Corycian bird-belovèd steep,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Deep-caverned, where things blessèd come and go.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And Bromios walks the mountain, well I know,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Since first he led his Maenad host on high</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And doomed King Pentheus like a hare to die.<a href="#note-8" id="noteref-8" epub:type="noteref">8</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And Pleistos’ fountains and Poseidon’s power</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I call, and Him who brings the Perfect Hour,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Zeus, the Most Highest. With which prayers I go</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To seat me, priestess, on the Throne. And, oh,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>May God send blessing on mine entrance, more</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And deeper than He e’er hath sent of yore!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>If there be present men of Greece but not</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of Delphi, let them enter as the lot</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Ordains; I speak but as God leadeth me. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">She enters the Inner Shrine, and the stage is for a moment empty. Then she returns, grasping at the wall for support.</i></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Ah! Horrors, horrors, dire to speak or see,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From Loxias’ chamber drive me reeling back.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My knees are weak beneath me, and I lack</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The strength to fly. … O hands, drag me from here</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>If feet fail! … An old woman, and in fear,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A thing of naught, a babe in helplessness!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I made my way into the Holy Place,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And there, at the inmost Altar of the world,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A man abhorred of God, his body hurled</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Earthward in desperate prayer; blood on his hand<a href="#note-9" id="noteref-9" epub:type="noteref">9</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Yet reeking, and a naked new-drawn brand</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Wreathed in beseeching wool, a suppliant’s weed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of snow-white fleece … so much mine eyes could read.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But out in front of him a rout unknown</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of women sleepeth, flung from throne to throne.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Women? Nay, never women! Gorgons more:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And yet not like the Gorgon shapes of yore. …<a href="#note-10" id="noteref-10" epub:type="noteref">10</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I saw a picture once of woman things</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That ravished Phineus’ banquet. But no wings</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Have these; all shadows, black, abominable.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The voices of their slumber rise and swell,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Back-beating, and their eyes drop gouts of gore.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Their garb, it is no garb to show before</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>God’s altar nor the hearths of human kind.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I cannot read what lineage lies behind</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>These shapes, nor what land, having born such breed,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hath trembled not before and shall not bleed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hereafter. Let Apollo great in power</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Take to his care the peril of this hour:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Being Helper, Prophet, Seer of things unseen,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The stainèd hearth he knoweth to make clean. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">The <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Prophetess</b> departs. The doors open and reveal the inner shrine, <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b> at the Altar, the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b> asleep about him, and <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</b> standing over them.<a href="#note-11" id="noteref-11" epub:type="noteref">11</a></i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I fail thee not. For ever more I stay,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Or watching at thy side or far away,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy guard, and iron against thine enemies.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Even now my snares have closèd upon these,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The ragers sleep: the Virgins without love,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>So grey, so old, whom never god above</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hath kissed, nor man, nor from the wilderness</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>One wild beast. They were born for wickedness</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And sorrow;<a href="#note-12" id="noteref-12" epub:type="noteref">12</a> for in evil night they dwell,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And feed on the great darkness that is Hell,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Most hated by the Gods and human thought.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But none the less, fly thou and falter not.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For these shall hunt thee, ever on through earth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Unwandered, through the vast lands of the North,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The sea-ways and the cities ringed with sea.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But faint not. Clasp thy travail unto thee;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>On till thou come to Pallas’ Rock,<a href="#note-13" id="noteref-13" epub:type="noteref">13</a> and fold</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thine arms in prayer about her image old.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In Athens there be hearts to judge, there be</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Words that bring peace; and I shall set thee free</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>At last from all this woe.—If thou didst kill</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy mother, was it not my word and will?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Not to betray thou knowest. Oh, ponder yet</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>One other lesson, Lord—not to forget!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy strength in doing can be trusted well. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction"><b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b> departs.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Remember! Let no fear thy spirit quell!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Do thou, O Hermes, brother of my blood,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Watch over him. Thou guide of man, make good</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The name thou bearest, shepherding again</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My suppliant. Him who pitieth suffering men</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Zeus pitieth,<a href="#note-14" id="noteref-14" epub:type="noteref">14</a> and his ways are sweet on earth. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Exit <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</b>. Presently enter the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Ghost</b> of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Clytemnestra</b>. She watches the sleeping <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b>.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Ghost<a href="#note-15" id="noteref-15" epub:type="noteref">15</a></td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye sleep. O God, and what are sleepers worth?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>’Tis you, have left me among all the dead</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Dishonoured. Alway, for that blood I shed,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Rebuke and hissing cease not, and I go</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Wandering in shame. Oh, hear! … For that old blow</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I struck still I am hated, but for his</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who smote me, being of my blood, there is</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No wrath in all the darkness: there is none</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Cares for a mother murdered by her son.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Open thine heart to see this gash!—<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">She shows the wound in her throat.</i> In sleep</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The heart hath many eyes and can see deep:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>’Tis daylight makes man’s fate invisible.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Oft of my bounty ye have lapt your fill;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Oft the sad peace of wineless cups to earth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I have poured, and midmurk feastings on your hearth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Burned, when no other god draws near to eat.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And all these things ye have cast beneath your feet,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And he is fled, fled lightly like a fawn</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Out of your nets! With mocking he is gone</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And twisting of the lips. … I charge you, hark!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This is my life, my death. Oh, shake the dark</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From off you, Children of the Deep. ’Tis I,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Your dream, I, Clytemnestra, stand and cry. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Moaning among the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b>.</i></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Moan on, but he is vanished and forgot.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>So strong the prayers of them that love me not! <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Moaning.</i></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Too sound ye sleep.—And have ye for the dead</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No pity? … And my son, my murderer, fled! <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Groaning.</i></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Ye groan; ye slumber. Wake! … What task have ye</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To do on earth save to work misery? <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Groaning.</i></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Can sleep and weariness so well conspire</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To drain the fell she-dragon of her fire? <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Sharp repeated muttering: then words “At him! At him! Catch, catch, catch! Ah, beware!”</i></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Ah, hunting in your dreams, and clamorous yet,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Tired bloodhounds that can sleep but not forget!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How now? Awake! Be strong! And faithful keep</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy lust of pain through all the drugs of sleep.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou feelst my scorn? Aye, feel and agonize</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Within; such words are scourges to the wise.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy blood-mist fold about him, like a doom.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Waste him with vapour from thy burning womb.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A second chase is death! … Pursue! Pursue! <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">The <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Ghost</b> vanishes as the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b> gradually wake.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader of the Furies<a href="#note-16" id="noteref-16" epub:type="noteref">16</a></td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Awake! Quick, waken her as I wake you!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou sleepest? Rise; cast slumber from thy brain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And search. Is our first hunt so all in vain?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="together">
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Speaking severally.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—O rage, rage and wrath! Friends, they have done me wrong!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Many and many a wrong I have suffered, mockeries all!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Evil and violent deeds, a shame that lingereth long</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">And bitter, bitter as gall!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—The beast is out of the toils, out of the toils and away!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—I slept, and I lost my prey.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—What art thou, O Child of Zeus? A thief and a cozener!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Many and many a wrong I have suffered, mockeries all!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Hast broken beneath thy wheels them that were holy and old?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Many and many a wrong I have suffered, mockeries all!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—A godless man and an evil son, he but kneels in prayer,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">And straight he is ta’en to thy fold.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Thou hast chosen the man who spilt his mother’s blood!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>—Are these things just, thou God?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—As a raging charioteer mid-grippeth his goad to bite</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Beneath the belly, beneath the flank, where the smart is hot,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">There riseth out of my dreams Derision with hands to smite;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">As a wretch at the block is scourged when the scourger hateth aright,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">And the shuddering pain dies not.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—These be the deeds ye do, ye Gods of the younger race:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Ye break the Law at your will; your high throne drips with gore,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">The foot is wet and the head. There is blood in the Holy Place!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">The Heart of Earth uplifteth its foulness in all men’s face,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Clean nevermore, nevermore!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—Blood, thou holy Seer, there is blood on thy burning hearth.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Thine inmost place is defiled, and thine was the will and the word.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Thou hast broken the Law of Heaven, exalted the things of Earth;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">The hallowed Portions of old thine hand hath blurred.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—Thou knowest to hurt my soul; yea, but shalt save not him.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">The earth may open and hide, but never shall he be freed.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Defiling all he goes, there where in exile dim</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Many defilers more wait and bleed.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td/>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Enter <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</b>.</i>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo<a href="#note-17" id="noteref-17" epub:type="noteref">17</a></td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Avaunt, I charge you! Get ye from my door!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Darken this visionary dome no more!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Quick, lest ye meet that snake of bitter wing</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That leaps a-sudden from my golden string,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And in your agony spue forth again</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The black froth ye have sucked from tortured men!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>This floor shall be no harbour to your feet.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Are there not realms where Law upon her seat</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Smites living head from trunk? Where prisoners bleed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From gougèd eyes? Children with manhood’s seed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Blasted are there; maimed foot and severed hand,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And stoning, and a moan through all the land</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of men impaled to die. There is the board</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Whereat ye feast, and, feasting, are abhorred</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of heaven.—But all the shapes of you declare</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Your souls within. Some reeking lion’s lair</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Were your fit dwelling, not this cloistered Hall</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of Mercy, which your foulness chokes withal.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Out, ye wild goats unherded! Out, ye drove</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Accursed, that god nor devil dares to love! <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">During this speech the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b> fly confusedly from the Temple down into the Orchestra. The <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</b> turns.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Phoebus Apollo, in thy turn give heed!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I hold thee not a partner in this deed;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou hast wrought it all. The guilt is thine alone.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>What sayst thou there?—One word, and then begone.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou spakest and this man his mother slew.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I spoke, and he avenged his father. True.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou stoodest by, to accept the new-shed gore.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I bade him turn for cleansing to my door.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ha! And revilest us who guide his feet?<a href="#note-18" id="noteref-18" epub:type="noteref">18</a></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye be not clean to approach this Mercy Seat.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>We be by Law eternal what we be.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And what is that? Reveal thy dignity.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>We hunt from home his mother’s murderer.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>A husband-murdering woman, what of her?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>’Twas not one blood<a href="#note-19" id="noteref-19" epub:type="noteref">19</a> in slayer and in slain.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How? Would ye count as a light thing and vain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The perfect bond of Hera and high Zeus?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Yea, and thy word dishonoured too the use</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of Cypris, whence love groweth to his best.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The fate-ordainèd meeting, breast to breast,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of man and woman is a tie more sure</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Than oath or pact, if Justice guards it pure.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>If them so joined ye heed not when they slay,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Nor rise in wrath, nor smite them on their way,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Unrighteous is thine hunting of this man,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Orestes. Why on him is all thy ban</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Unloosed? The other never broke thy rest …</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But Pallas, child of Zeus, shall judge this quest.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I cleave to him. I leave him never more.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Oh, hunt thy fill! Make sorrow doubly sore.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Abridge not thou the Portions of my lot.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Keep thou thy portions. I will touch them not.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou hast thy greatness by the throne of God;<a href="#note-20" id="noteref-20" epub:type="noteref">20</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I … But the scent draws of that mother’s blood.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I come! I come! I hunt him to the grave. … <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">The <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b> go out on the track of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b>.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>’Tis mine then to bring succour, and to save</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My suppliant. Earth and Heaven are both afraid</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For God’s wrath, if one helpless is betrayed. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction"><b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</b> returns behind the shrine, and the doors close. When they open again, they reveal, in place of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo’s</b> Central Altar, the Statue of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena Parthenos</b>: the scene now represents the Temple of Athena in Athens.<a href="#note-21" id="noteref-21" epub:type="noteref">21</a></i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td/>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Enter <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b>, worn with travel and suffering.</i>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Pallas Athena, from Apollo’s wing</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I come; receive in peace this hunted thing</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My sin no more polluteth, nor with hand</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Unpurified before thy throne I stand.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A blunted edge, grief-worn and sanctified</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>By pain, where’er men traffic or abide,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>On, on, o’er land and sea I have made my way,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>True-purposed Loxias’ bidding to obey.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>At last I have found thy House; thine image I</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Clasp, and here wait thy judgement till I die. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">He throws himself down at the feet of the Statue, but no answer comes. Presently enter the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b>, following him.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ha! Here he has passed. Spot reeketh upon spot.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Blood is a spy that points and babbles not.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Like hounds that follow some sore-wounded fawn,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>We smell the way that blood and tears are gone,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And follow.—Oh, my belly gaspeth sore</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>With toils man-wasting; I can chase no more.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Through all the ways of the world I have shepherded</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My lost sheep, and above the salt sea sped,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Wingless pursuing, swift as any sail.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And now ’tis here, meseemeth, he doth quail</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And cower.—Aye, surely it is here; the smell</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of man’s blood laughs to meet me. All is well.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Searching.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Ha, search, search again!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Seek for him far and wide.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Shall this man fly or hide</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And the unatonèd stain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of his mother’s blood be vain?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Haha! Lo where he lies!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And comfort is in his eyes!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">He hath made his arms a wreath</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">For the knees of the Deathless One,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And her judgement challengeth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">On the deed his hands have done.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">In vain! All in vain!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">When blood on the earth is shed,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Blood of a mother dead,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Ye shall gather it not again.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">’Tis wet, ’tis vanishèd,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Down in the dust like rain.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Thyself shalt yield instead,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Living, from every vein,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Thine own blood, rich and red,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">For our parchèd mouths to drain,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Till my righteous heart be fed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">With thy blood and thy bitter pain;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Till I waste thee like the dead,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And cast thee among the slain,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Till her wrong be comforted</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And her wound no longer stain.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">The Law thou then shalt see;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">That whoso of men hath trod</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">In sin against these three,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Parent or Guest or God,<a href="#note-22" id="noteref-22" epub:type="noteref">22</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">That sin is unforgot,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And the payment faileth not.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">There liveth, for every man,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Below, in the realm of Night,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">A judge who straighteneth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">The crooked; his name is Death.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">All life his eye doth scan</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">And recordeth right.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I have known much evil, and have learnt therein<a href="#note-23" id="noteref-23" epub:type="noteref">23</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>What divers roads man goes to purge his sin,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And when to speak and when be dumb; and eke</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In this thing a wise master bids me speak.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The blood upon this hand is fallen asleep</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And fades. And though a sin be ne’er so deep</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>’Twill age with the aging years. When this of mine</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Was fresh, on Phoebus’ hearth with blood of swine</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>’Twas washed and blurred. ’Twere a long tale since then,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To tell how I have spoke with many men</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In scatheless parle. And now, with lips of grace,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Once more I pray the Lady of this place,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Athena, to mine aid. Let her but come;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Myself, mine Argive people and my home</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall without war be hers, hers true of heart</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And changeless. Therefore, wheresoe’er thou art,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In some far wilderness of Libyan earth,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>By those Tritonid waters of thy birth;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Upgirt for deeds or veilèd on thy throne;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Or is it Phlegra’s field thou brood’st upon,<a href="#note-24" id="noteref-24" epub:type="noteref">24</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Guiding the storm, like some bold Lord of War,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Oh, hear! A goddess heareth though afar:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Bring me deliverance in this mine hour! <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">He waits expectant, but there is no answer.<a href="#note-25" id="noteref-25" epub:type="noteref">25</a></i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Not Lord Apollo’s, not Athena’s power</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall reach thee any more. Forgot, forgot,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou reelest back to darkness, knowing not</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Where in man’s heart joy dwelleth; without blood,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A shadow, flung to devils for their food!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Wilt answer not my word? Wilt spurn thereat,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou that art mine, born, doomed, and consecrate</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My living feast, at no high altar slain?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hark thou this song to bind thee like a chain!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">As they move into position for the Dance.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Up, let us tread the dance, and wind—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">The hour is come!—our shuddering spell.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Show how this Band apportions well</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Their fated burdens to mankind.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Behold, we are righteous utterly.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">The man whose hand is clean, no wrath</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">From us shall follow: down his path</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">He goeth from all evil free.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">But whoso slays and hides withal</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">His red hand, swift before his eyes</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">True witness for the dead we rise:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">We are with him to the end of all. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Being now in position they begin the Binding Song.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Some Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Mother, who didst bear a being<a href="#note-26" id="noteref-26" epub:type="noteref">26</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Dread to the eyeless and the seeing,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i6">Night, my Mother!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Leto’s Child would wrong me, tear</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">From my clutch this trembling hare,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">My doomèd prey: he bore to slay,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And shall he not the cleansing bear,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i6">He, none other?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i4">But our sacrifice to bind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Lo, the music that we wind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">How it dazeth and amazeth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And the will it maketh blind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">As it moves without a lyre</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">To the throb of my desire;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">’Tis a chain about the brain,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">’Tis a wasting of mankind.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Other Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Thus hath Fate, through weal and woe,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">For our Portion as we go</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Spun the thread:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Whenso mortal man in sin</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">’Brueth hand against his kin,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Mine till death He wandereth,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And freedom never more shall win,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Not when dead.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">But our sacrifice to bind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Lo, the music that we wind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">How it dazeth and amazeth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And the will it maketh blind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">As it moves without a lyre</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">To the throb of my desire;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">’Tis a chain about the brain,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">’Tis a wasting of mankind.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Some Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Since the hour we were begot</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Of this rite am I the priest;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Other gods may share it not;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Nor is any man nor beast</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">That dare eat the food we eat</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Nor among us take his seat;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">For no part have I nor lot</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">In the white robe and the feast.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">For the tale I make mine own</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Is of houses overthrown,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">When the Foe within the Dwelling<a href="#note-27" id="noteref-27" epub:type="noteref">27</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Slays a brother and is flown:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Up and after him, Io!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">While the blood is still a-flow,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Though his strength be full and swelling,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">We shall waste him, flesh from bone!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Other Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Would they take thee from the care</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">We have guarded thee withal?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Would the Gods disown our prayer</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Till no Law be left at all?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Yea, because of blood that drips</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">As aforetime from our lips,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And the world’s hate that we bear,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">God hath cast us from His hall!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">I am on them as they fly,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">With a voice out of the sky,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And my armèd heel is o’er them</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">To fall crashing from on high.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">There be fliers far and fast,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">But I trip them at the last,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And my arms are there before them,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And shall crush them ere they die!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="together">
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Divers Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—The glories of Man that were proud where the sunlight came,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Below in the dark are wasted and cast to shame;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">For he trembles at the hearing</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of the Black Garments nearing,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">And the beating of the feet, like flame</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—He falls and knows not; the blow hath made blind his eyes;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And above hangs Sin, as a darkening of the skies,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And a great voice swelling</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Like a mist about his dwelling,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">And sobbing in the mist and cries.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—For so it abideth: subtle are we to plan,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Sure to fulfil, and forget not any Sin;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And Venerable they call us, but none can win</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Our pardon for child of man.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Unhonoured and undesired though our kingdom be,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Where the sun is dead and no god in all the skies,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Great crags and trackless, alike for them that see,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">And them of the wasted eyes;</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—What mortal man but quaketh before my power,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And boweth in worship to hear my rule of doom,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">God-given of old, fate-woven on the ageless loom</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">And ripe to the perfect hour?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">To the end of all abideth mine ancient Right,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Whose word shall be never broke nor its deed undone,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Though my seat is below the Grave, in the place where sight</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Fails and there is no Sun.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td/>
|
||
<td id="the-eumenides-1-td-92">
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Enter <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</b>.</i>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Far off I heard the calling of my name,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Beside Scamander, where I took in claim</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The new land which the Achaean lords and kings,<a href="#note-28" id="noteref-28" epub:type="noteref">28</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In royal spoil for many warfarings,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Gave, root and fruit for ever, as mine own</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Exempted prize, to Theseus’ sons alone.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thence came I speeding, while behind me rolled</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My wingless aegis, floating fold on fold.<a href="#note-29" id="noteref-29" epub:type="noteref">29</a></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>But these strange visitants … I tremble not</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Beholding, yet I marvel. Who and what</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Are ye? I speak to all. And who is he</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who round mine image clings so desperately?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>But ye are like no earth-seed ever sown,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No goddess-shape that Heaven hath looked upon,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Nor any semblance borne of human kind …</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Howbeit, ye have not wronged me. I were blind</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To right and custom did I speak you ill.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Virgin of God most high, have all thy will.<a href="#note-30" id="noteref-30" epub:type="noteref">30</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Still-weeping Night knows us the brood she bears;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The wronged ones in the darkness call us Prayers.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I know your lineage and the names ye hold.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Our office and our lot can soon be told.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Make clear thy word, that all be understood.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>We hunt from home the shedder of man’s blood.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>What end appoint ye to that flight of his?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>A land where none remembereth what joy is.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And such a chase on this man thou wilt cry?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Who dared to be his mother’s murderer, aye,</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>What goaded him? Some fear, some unseen wrath?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>What goad could drive a man on such a path?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Looking at <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b>.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Why speaketh one alone, when two are there?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>He will not swear, nor challenge me to swear.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Which wouldst thou, to seem righteous, or to be?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>What meanst thou there? Speak out thy subtlety.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Let no bare oath the deeper right subdue.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Try thou the cause, then, and give judgement true.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye trust me this whole issue to decide?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Who would not trust thee? True thou art and tried.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Turning to <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b>.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Strange man, and what in turn hast thou to advance?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy land and lineage, and thy long mischance</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Show first, then make thine answer to their laws.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>If truly in the justice of thy cause</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Trusting, thou clingest here in need so dire</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To mine own shape, hard by my deathless fire,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In fearful prayer, as lost Ixion prayed,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Make to all these thine answer unafraid.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Most high Athena, let me from the last</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of these thy questionings one fear outcast.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Pollution is not in me, nor with hand</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Blood-reeking cleave I to thine altar-strand;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In sign whereof, behold, I have cast away</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That silence which the man of blood alway</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Observeth, till some hand, that hath the power</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To cleanse the sins of man, new blood shall shower</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of swine upon him, drowning the old stain.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I have been cleansed again and yet again</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In others’ dwellings, both by blood that fell</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And running rivers that have washed me well.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Be that care then forgot. My name and birth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Are quickly told. I am sprung of Argive earth;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My father’s name was known upon thy lips,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Agamemnon, marshal of a thousand ships,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>With whom thou madest Troy, that city of pride,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No more a city. He returning died,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Not kingly. ’Twas my mother black of heart</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Met him and murdered, snaring him with art</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of spangled webs. … Alas, that robe of wrath,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That cried to heaven the blood-stain of the bath!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Then came long exile; then, returning, I</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Struck dead my mother. Nought will I deny;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>So, for my sire belovèd, death met death.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And Loxias in these doings meriteth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>His portion, who foretold strange agonies</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To spur me if I left unsmitten these</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That slew him. … Take me thou, and judge if ill</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I wrought or righteously. I will be still</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And praise thy judgement, whatsoe’er betide.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td id="the-eumenides-1-td-137" epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>This is a mystery graver to decide</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Than mortal dreameth.<a href="#note-31" id="noteref-31" epub:type="noteref">31</a> Nor for me ’twere good</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To sift the passionate punishments of blood.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Since thou hast cast thee on my altar stair</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Perfect by suffering, from thy stains that were</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Made clean and harmless, suppliant at my knee,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I, in my City’s name, must pity thee</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And chide not. Yet these too, I may not slight:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>They have their portion in the Orb of Right</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Eternal. If they are baffled of their will,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The wrath of undone Justice shall distil</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Through all the air a poison; yea, a pall</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Intolerable about the land shall fall</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And groaning sickness. Doubtful thus it lies:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To cast them out or keep them in mine eyes</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Were equal peril, and I must ponder sore.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Yet, seeing fate lays this matter at my door,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Myself not judging, I will judges find</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In mine own City, who will make no blind</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Oath-challenge to pursuer and pursued,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But follow this new rule, by me indued</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>As law for ever. Proofs and witnesses</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Call ye on either side, and set to these</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Your oaths. Such oath helps Justice in her need.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I will go choose the noblest of the breed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of Athens, and here bring them to decide</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This bloody judgement even as truth is tried,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And then, their oath accomplished, to depart,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Right done, and no transgression in their heart. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Exit <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</b>. The Shrine is closed, <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b> remaining inside at the foot of the Image.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="together">
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Other Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—This day there is a new Order born.<a href="#note-32" id="noteref-32" epub:type="noteref">32</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">If this long coil of judging and of strife</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Shall uplift the mother-murderer to life,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Shall the World not mark it, and in scorn</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Go forth to do evil with a smile?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Yea, for parents hereafter there is guile</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">That waiteth, and great anguish; by a knife</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">In a child’s hand their bosom shall be torn.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—No wrath shall be stirred by any deed,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">No doom from the Dark Watchers any more.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Lo, to all death I cast wide the door!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And men, while they whisper of the need</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Of their neighbour, shall pray tremblingly within</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">For some rest and diminishing of sin.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">They will praise the old medicine that of yore</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Brought comfort, and marvel as they bleed.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—Vainly will they make their moan?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Vainly cry in sore despite,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">“Help, ye Watchers on your throne,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Help, O Right!”</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Many a father so shall cry,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Many a mother, new in pain;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Their vain sobbing floateth by:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">“The great House is fallen again!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Law shall die!”</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—Times there be when Fear is good,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">And the Watcher in the breast</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Needs must reign in masterhood.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Aye, ’tis best</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Through much straitening to be wise.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Who that hath no fear at all</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">In the sunlight of his eyes,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Man or City, but shall fall</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">From Right somewise?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—The life that walketh without rule,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">The life that is a tyrant’s fool,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Thou shalt not praise.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">O’er all man’s striving variously</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">God looketh, but, where’er it be,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Gives to the Mean his victory.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And therefore know I and confess,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">The doomèd child of Godlessness</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Is Pride of Man, and Pride’s excess;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Only from health of heart shall spring</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">What men desire, what poets sing,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Stormless days.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—Whate’er befall, the Throne of Right</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Fear thou, and let no lucre bright</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Seen suddenly,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">To spurn that Altar make thee blind;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">For chastisement is hid behind,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And the End waiteth, and shall bind.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Wherefore I charge thee, through all stress</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Thy mother and thy father bless:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Herein, O Man, lies holiness.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And next, of all within thy fold,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">The stranger and the friendless hold</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">In sanctity.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>—He that is righteous uncompelled and free</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">His life’s way taketh</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Not without happiness; and utterly</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Cast to destruction shall he never be.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">But he who laugheth and is bold in sin,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">From every port great gain he gathers in,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Rejoicing; but methinks shall cast away</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>All, with much haste and trembling, on the day</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">When sails are stript by the edge of wind and sea</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And yard-arm breaketh.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>He yearns, he strives, amid the whirling sea,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">But none shall hear;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And loud his Daemon laughs, saying “This is he</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who vaunted him these things should never be!”</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who now is weeping, weak in the endless foam,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And sees the foreland where beyond is home,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But shall not pass it: on the rocks of Right</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Wrecked is his life’s long glory; and the night</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Falls, and there lives from all his agony</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">No word nor tear.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="the-eumenides-2" epub:type="z3998:scene">
|
||
<p>The scene is now set with seats for the Council of the Areopagus.<a href="#note-33" id="noteref-33" epub:type="noteref">33</a> <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Enter <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</b>, the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Judges</b>, a <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Herald</b>, a crowd of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Citizens</b>, the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b>, <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b>.</i></p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Herald, thine office! See that yonder crowds</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hold back, and let this piercer of the clouds,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Filled with man’s breath, the Tuscan trumpet, blow</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>His fiery summons to the host below.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Then all be silence, while the people fill</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This Council Hall. Thus shall my sovran will</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And ordinance to this people, great and small,<a href="#note-34" id="noteref-34" epub:type="noteref">34</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Be known for ever, and upheld by all</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Within our gates; and thus my wardens do</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Justice this day, discerning false from true.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td/>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Enter <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</b>.</i>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Apollo, thou! Go, reign where thou art king!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>What portion hast thou in this doom-saying?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I come to bear my witness.<a href="#note-35" id="noteref-35" epub:type="noteref">35</a> This is one</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who in great anguish came to me alone</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For refuge, and knelt suppliant at my shrine.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Therefore the cleansing of his stain is mine.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Likewise I share his plea, and on me take</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>What guilt he bears for that dead mother’s sake.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ope thou the court, O Pallas, and, as well</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou canst, establish justice durable.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ho! Opened is the Court; and yours the speech.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td/>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">To the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b>.</i>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td/>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>He who pursueth, speaking first, can teach</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Best his whole grief, and how the evil grew.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Many are we, yet shall our words be few.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Make answer thou, point against point. And say</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>First this one thing: thy mother didst thou slay?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I slew her. … Aye. Denied it cannot be.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Aha! The first of the three bouts<a href="#note-36" id="noteref-36" epub:type="noteref">36</a> to me!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Too soon ye vaunt. I am not yet outsped.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How didst thou slay? That also must be said.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">With an effort.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I will say it. I drew sword and clave her throat.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Who and what tempted thee? Who laid the plot?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>He who is with me now, and witnesseth.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>God’s prophet bade thee plot thy mother’s death?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Yes: and hath never failed me to this day.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And when the vote is cast, what wilt thou say?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I fear not. Helpers from my father’s grave.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Go, mother-murderer! Call the dead to save!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Two stains of death lay mingled on her hand.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How two? Let these who judge thee understand.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>A husband and a father, both, she slew.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And death hath purged her. Shalt not thou die too?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye never hunted her, for all her stain.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>’Twas not one blood in slayer and in slain.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span id="the-eumenides-2-span-45">And are my mother’s blood and my blood one?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How did she feed thee else beneath her zone?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Caitiff! Thy mother’s blood wilt thou deny?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Overcome.</i>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I can no more. …<a href="#note-37" id="noteref-37" epub:type="noteref">37</a> Give witness, and reply,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Lord Phoebus, in my stead, if righteously</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I slew. … I slew: denied it cannot be:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But rightly, or most foully—as thine own</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Heart speaks, give judgement, and let all be known.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye judges of Athena’s Court most high,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I come to speak before you faithfully,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Being God’s prophet: therefore truth is mine.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Nor ever spake I from my throne divine</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of man nor woman, land nor city wall,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Save by command of Him who ruleth all,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Zeus, the Olympian Father. Is there Right</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Holier than this, I charge ye think, or Might</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>More mighty? Follow ye the All-father’s will:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>If oaths be strong, is Zeus not stronger still?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>’Twas Zeus, thou tellest, laid this duty large</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Upon thy lips? ’Twas Zeus who bade thee charge</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This man to avenge his father and cast down,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>As nothing worth, his mother’s sacred crown?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Are these the same? That a great man, raised high</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>By royal sceptre, given of God, should die,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And die by a woman’s hand—and not in war</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>By Amazonian arrow, sped from far, …</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But—Hear my tale, O Pallas, and ye too</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who sit enthronèd to sift false from true;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>He came from battle after sufferings sore</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But greater glories, and she stood before</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The gate to greet and praise him, strewed his path</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>With crimson robes and led him to his bath—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A marble bed!<a href="#note-38" id="noteref-38" epub:type="noteref">38</a>—and o’er the end thereof</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Laid the great web and curtained it above,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To ensnare him as he rose; then, in the wide</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Unending folds, she smote him and he died!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>So died a man, ye hear it from my lips,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>All-honoured, War-Lord of a thousand ships;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And such a wife was she! Be stern, and smite</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The guilty, ye who sit to establish right!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Doth Zeus count fatherhood so high a thing?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who cast in bonds his father and his king,<a href="#note-39" id="noteref-39" epub:type="noteref">39</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Old Cronos? Are these things not contrary?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I charge ye, judges, hearken his reply.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye worms of hate, O ye that Gods abhor,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Bonds can be loosened; there is cure therefor,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And many and many a plan in God’s great mind</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To free the prisoners whom he erst did bind.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But once the dust hath drunk the blood of men</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Murdered, there is no gathering it again.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For that no magic doth my Father know,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Though all things else he changeth high and low</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Or fixeth, and no toil is in his breath.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Is that thy pleading against this man’s death?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The kindred blood, his mother’s blood, the well</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of his own life, he hath spilt. How shall he dwell</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In Argos? In his home? What altar-stair,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>When Argos worships, will receive his prayer?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>What love-bowl of the brethren cleanse his hand?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>That too I answer; mark and understand.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The mother to the child that men call hers</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Is no true life-begetter, but a nurse</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of live seed. ’Tis the sower of the seed</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Alone begetteth. Woman comes at need,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A stranger, to hold safe in trust and love</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That bud of new life—save when God above</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Wills that it die. And would ye proof of this,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>There have been fathers where no mother is.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Whereof a perfect witness standeth nigh,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span id="the-eumenides-2-span-114">Athena Pallas, child of the Most High,<a href="#note-40" id="noteref-40" epub:type="noteref">40</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A thought-begotten unconceivèd bloom,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No nursling of the darkness of the womb,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But such a flower of life as goddess ne’er</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hath born in heaven nor ever more shall bear.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Pallas, in all things it is mine to swell</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In power thy people and thy citadel;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And therefore to thine Altar did I send</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This suppliant, that hereafter to the end</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of mortal time he may be true to thee,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And plant his spear by thine unfalteringly,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And on through generations yet unborn</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Argos observe the pact her King hath sworn.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Now shall I charge upon their faith these men</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To cast true stones, or would ye speak again?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Shot is our every arrow: I but stay</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To learn how ends the issue of the day.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How shall I cast a judgement in this cause</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Unblamed of you, and of the eternal laws?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye have heard what ye have heard. Strangers, revere</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Your oaths, and cast your judgement without fear.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Hear now mine ordinance, ye who have striven</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This day to give, what none before hath given,<a href="#note-41" id="noteref-41" epub:type="noteref">41</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>True judgement o’er spilt blood. O Attic Folk,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Henceforth for ever, under Aigeus’ yoke,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This Council and this Judgement Seat by me</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Are stablisht. On this mountain shall it be,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Here in the Amazons’ most virgin hold,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who came in wrath for Theseus’ wrongs of old</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Embattled, and this fortress against ours,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hill against hill, towers against soaring towers,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Built, and to Ares on the rock with flame</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Gave sacrifice: whence comes its awful name,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The Rock, the Mount, of Ares. All things here</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Being holy, Reverence and her sister, Fear,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In darkness as in daylight shall restrain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From all unrighteousness the sons of men,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>While Athens’ self corrupt not her own law.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>With mire and evil influx ye can flaw</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Fair water till no lips may drink thereof.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I charge you, citizens, enfold and love</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That spirit that nor anarch is nor thrall;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And casting away Fear, yet cast not all;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For who that hath no fear is safe from sin?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>That Fear which is both Ruth and Law within</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Be yours, and round your city and your land</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall be upraised a rampart, yea, a hand</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of strong deliverance, which no sons of men,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From the Isle of Pelops to the Scythian fen,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Possess nor know, this Council of the Right,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Untouched of lucre, terrible to smite,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And swift and merciful, a guard to keep</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Vigil above my people while they sleep.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Which here I establish. Let these words advise</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My city evermore.—I charge you, rise</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And lift your stones of doom and judge, alway</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Your oath remembering. I have said my say. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">The <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Judges</b> rise and go one by one past the two urns, casting their stones as they pass.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Behold, an awful presence moveth yet</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Within your land, which mock not nor forget!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>The will of Zeus, by my lips ministered,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I charge you make not fruitless nor unfeared!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>And what wouldst thou with blood, having therein</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No place? Henceforth thine altars are unclean!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Did Zeus, then, sin, who bowed his head to spare</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Blood-red Ixion for his burning prayer?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou speakest: but my Law, if it be broke,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall come again in wrath to haunt this folk.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou hast no honour more ’mid things divine,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Or old or new: the victory shall be mine.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>So in Admêtus’ House thou didst betray</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The Fates, to make man deathless past his day.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Shall not a god regard his worshipper</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Then chiefliest, when in peril and in prayer?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>The ancient boundaries thou didst desecrate,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou mad’st a drunkard of Eternal Fate!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>True Justice thou canst know not. Thou shalt spue</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy venom forth, and none give heed thereto.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Women are we, and old; and thou dost ride</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Above us, trampling, in thy youth and pride.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Howbeit, I wait to know the end, being still</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In doubt to work this City good or ill.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>One judgement still remains. I, at the last,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span id="the-eumenides-2-span-196">To set Orestes free this stone will cast:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For, lo, no mother bare me: I approve</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In all—save only that I know not love—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The man’s way. Flesh and spirit I am His</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who gave me life. And in this coil it is</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>No dire deed that a woman, who had slain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Her mate and house-lord, should be quelled again.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Wherefore I judge that here, if equal be</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The votes ye cast, Orestes shall go free.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ye judges, haste: on you this office turns:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And cast the gathered sea-stones from the urns.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Apollo, Lord, what shall the issue be?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>O Night, O dark-eyed Mother, dost thou see?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Is it the noose of death, or life and light?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>My law down-trodden or enthroned in right?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Divide the fallen sea-stones as is due,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Strangers, and in the count see all be true.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>An absent voice hath made life ruinous,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And one cast pebble<a href="#note-42" id="noteref-42" epub:type="noteref">42</a> built a fallen house. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">The scrutineers bring their results to <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</b>.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>This prisoner, since the stones for ill and good</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Are equal, hath escaped the doom of blood.<a href="#note-43" id="noteref-43" epub:type="noteref">43</a></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>O Pallas, O deliverer of my race,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou hast led back the wanderer to his place,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The homeless to his home; and men shall say</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>“Once more he is an Argive, and this day</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Dwells in his father’s riches, by the word</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of Pallas, Loxias, and Zeus the Third,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Who saveth all and all accomplisheth.”</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>’Twas He of old who saw my father’s death,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And pitied; He who saw pursuing me</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My mother’s ministers, and set me free.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Pallas, to this thy people and thy clime</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Through all the long years of ensuing Time</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>I swear, ere I depart to mine own land,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This oath. No captain of an Argive band</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall ever against Athens raise his spear.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Yea, and if any break this law, I swear</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Myself out of the grave bewilderment</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall set before their host, and discontent,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Disheartened roads and rivers evil-starred,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Till back they turn, bowed down by toils too hard</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For bearing. But if still with vow unbroke,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Through storm or shine, for Pallas and her folk</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Their lance is lifted, then to Argos too</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My love shall be the greater, and hold true.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And fare thee well, O Pallas; fare you well,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>All that within her ancient rampart dwell;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Iron may your grasp against all evil be,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And strong to save, and big with victory! <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Exit <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Orestes</b>.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Woe on you, woe, ye younger gods!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Ye have trampled the great Laws of old</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Beneath your chariots! Ye have broke the rods</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of justice, yea and torn them from my hold!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Mine office gone, unhappy and angered sore,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">I rage alone. What have I any more</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">To do? Or be? Shall not mine injury turn</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And crush this people? Shall not poison rain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Upon them, even the poison of this pain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Wherewith my heart doth burn?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And up therefrom there shall a lichen creep,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">A leafless, childless, blight,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A stain in the earth man-slaying. … O just</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Throne of Right!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Have ye not suffered deep,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Deep, ye unhappy children of old Night,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Born to be scorned and weep!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I pray you, nay! Make not this bitter moan;<a href="#note-44" id="noteref-44" epub:type="noteref">44</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Ye are not conquered. Equal, stone for stone,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The judgement fell, in honesty of thought,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Not scorn of thee. From Zeus on high was brought</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A shining witness; and the god, who gave</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The word to slay, himself was here to save,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Lest this man for obedience to his will</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Should perish. … And for this ye fain would spill</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Your poison? Ah, take thought! Nor on our heads</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Rain the strange dew a spirit’s anger sheds,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Seed-ravening blight and mildews merciless,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Till all the land lie waste in fruitlessness.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Spare us, and, lo, I promise: here shall be</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A home your own, a caverned mystery,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Where alway ye shall sit, enthroned in pride</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And shining, by my people glorified.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Woe on you, woe, ye younger gods!<a href="#note-45" id="noteref-45" epub:type="noteref">45</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Ye have trampled the great Laws of old</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Beneath your chariots! Ye have broke the rods</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of justice, yea and torn them from my hold!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Mine office gone, unhappy and angered sore,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">I rage alone. What have I any more</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">To do? Or be? Shall not mine injury turn</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And crush this people? Shall not poison rain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Upon them, even the poison of this pain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Wherewith my heart doth burn?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">And up therefrom there shall a lichen creep,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">A leafless, childless, blight,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>A stain in the earth man-slaying. … O just</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Throne of Right!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Have ye not suffered deep,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Deep, ye unhappy children of old Night,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Born to be scorned and weep!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Ah, rage not. No dishonour comes you nigh;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Nor, being immortal, blast for these who die</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Their little life and land. I, even as you,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Obey the supreme Father, yea, I too.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>What boots it to say more? To me alone</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The keys of that great treasure-house are known</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Where sleep the lightnings.—But He needs them not!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Accept my word, and cast not here the hot</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Fruits of a passion that turns all to ill:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Bid the dark tempest’s bitter surge be still,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou great in glory, partner of my home!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From many miles of land to thee shall come</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>First-fruits for maidens wed, for children born;<a href="#note-46" id="noteref-46" epub:type="noteref">46</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Then shall ye bless this peace that we have sworn.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">That this should fall on me,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Me of the ancient way,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">The faithful of heart! To be</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Unclean, abominable,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">In the darkness where I dwell,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And mine honour shorn away!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My breath is as a fire flung far and wide,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And a strange anguish stabbeth at my side.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hear thou my wrath, O Mother, Night, mine own,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hear what these young false-handed gods have wrought!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Mine immemorial honour is overthrown,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And I am naught!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thine heaviness myself will help thee bear.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Older thou art than I, and surely ware</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of wisdom that I wot not: yet also</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To me Zeus giveth both to think and know.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And if ye leave us for the stranger’s shore,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This know I, that your heart shall still be sore</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>For Athens. Time’s great river in its flow</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From darkness shall but make her glory grow.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And here in honour at Erechtheus’ side</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Enthronèd, thou shalt garner gifts of pride</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From men and women worshippers, in fair</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Procession moving, richer and more rare</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Than eye of man hath seen in other lands.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Such offering now awaits thee at my hands:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Blessing and blest, ’mid glories gladly given,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To share this land, the best beloved of Heaven.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">That this should fall on me,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">Me of the ancient way,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">The faithful of heart! To be</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Unclean, abominable,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">In the darkness where I dwell,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And mine honour shorn away!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>My breath is as a fire flung far and wide,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And a strange anguish stabbeth at my side.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hear thou my wrath, O Mother, Night, mine own,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Hear what these young false-handed gods have wrought!</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Mine immemorial honour is overthrown,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i5">And I am naught!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>I will not cease thine anger to assuage</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>With good words. None shall say that, in thine age,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>By younger gods and city-building men</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou and thy law were mocked, cast out again</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To walk the wilderness, exiles from hence.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>If thou canst hold that spirit in reverence</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Which hears Persuasion and which thinks again,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Whose understanding and whose peace doth reign</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>By God’s appointment in my word and thought,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Here thou wilt stay. Or, if that please thee not,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thou shalt not justly lay upon this land</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Or wrath, or vengeance, or afflicting hand.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Stay, if ye will. Let this soil be your own</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>With Right made perfect and an ageless throne.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Great Pallas, what abode shall be my lot?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>A throne unwashed by tears; reject it not.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Say I consent; what shall mine office be?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>No house shall prosper save by aid of thee.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Such greatness mine! Wilt thou thereof have care?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Yea; and through life uphold thy worshipper.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>For dateless time thou giv’st me warranty?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>How should I speak the thing that shall not be?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Thou wilt soften me. … Methinks mine anger bends.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Stay, and that softened mood will find thee friends.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>What spell upon the land wouldst have me lay?</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>All that brings Victory and not Dismay.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From earth and dewy sea—be this thy prayer—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>From moving winds and the still dome of air</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Let breaths of gladness and sweet sunlight come;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The fruit of flocks and fields round every home</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Abundant flow and, year by year, be true.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The seeds of human life make fruitful, too,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Save in the ungodly:<a href="#note-47" id="noteref-47" epub:type="noteref">47</a> them thy Rule of Right</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Shall uproot, as of old. For I delight,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Like one that tends his garden, to uprear</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>These plants of righteousness, untouched by fear</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of evil. Cast not on this soil of mine</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Thy whet-stones of the blood, like poisonous wine</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>In young men’s hearts, till rage and death be stirred.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Oh, take not from the fierce mate-murdering bird</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The heart to give my people, the blind war</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Within, that burneth most where brethren are.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>War with the stranger, yes; no stint thereof;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Terror is there, and glory, and great love;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>But not the mad bird-rage that slays at home.<a href="#note-48" id="noteref-48" epub:type="noteref">48</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Such let thine office be. And if there come</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>True-hearted war, I will not fail to uphold</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>This land victorious where great deeds are told. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">At a sign from the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader</b>, the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b> take formation for a Song of Blessing.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td id="the-eumenides-2-td-161" epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">A home with Pallas shall be mine.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">I will not give this City nay,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">The Fort of Heaven, which Zeus divine</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And faithful Ares hold in sway,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">A shining loveliness to enfold</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">The altars of the gods of old.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">For whom—so do I weave my prayer</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And move with words of presage good—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">All fortunes whereby life is fair,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Like springing fountains, up shall flood,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">From Earth’s deep-bosomed caverns won</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">By wooing of the enthronèd Sun.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">I love my City; and with plan</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Aforethought here have welcomed these,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">The Awarders great and hard to appease,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Whose realm is all the estate of man.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Justice is theirs: though many an one</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">May meet their wrath in innocence,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Not knowing why the wound nor whence,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">That striketh. Some great evil done</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Aforetime, with no payment just,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Casts him to These. Strange wrath and hate</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Are round him, and he cries: but Fate,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Unanswering, grindeth him to dust.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">No storm-wind—so I speak my prize—</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Shall breathe the blight that poisoneth trees;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">No burning things that blind the eyes</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of plants, shall pass her boundaries:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">The groaning pest shall come not nigh,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Nor fruit upon the branches die.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">The flocks shall browse in happy cheer,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And Pan, the Shepherd, guard them true,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">With twofold increase, as the year</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Repays her seeds in season due;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">And deep-hid treasures of the ground</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Shall be in God’s due order found.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Ye Guardians, hear the word she hath said,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And shall fulfill! Most potent hands</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Hath great Erinys, in the lands</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Where dwell the deathless and the dead.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">And all this world of men declares</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Her visible act on right and wrong;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">How one man’s life she makes a song,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Another’s a long mist of tears.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Let manhood’s glory by no doom</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Of death untimely be defiled;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Let life to maidens in their bloom</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Bring each a lover and a child.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">O whatsoever Gods have power,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">And Fates eternal, grant this dower!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i3">Ye Fates, our Mother’s Sisterhood,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Assigners true to all that be,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">To every house its ill and good,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">To every hour its potency;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Righteous participants through all,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of Gods the most majestical.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">With joy I hear their prescient song</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Touching my land; and much in pride</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">I praise Persuasion gentle-eyed,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Who guarded well my lips and tongue,</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">When these were wrathful and denied;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">But Zeus, whose Word is in the Mart,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Prevailed; and of our strife no part,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Save strife in blessing, shall abide.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Let her who hungereth still for wrong,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Faction, in Athens ne’er again</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Lift on the air her ravening song;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Let not the dust of Pallas’ Plain</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Drink the dark blood of any son</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">By fury of revenge fordone.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Rage not to smite the smiter, lest</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">By rage the City’s heart be torn:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Bless him that blesseth: in each breast</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">So shall a single love be born,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">And ’gainst Her foes a single hate.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">This also maketh firm a state.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Wise are they and have found the way</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of peace. And in each awful face</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">I see for you, my People, grace:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">If ye are gentle, even as they,</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">And do them worship, this shall be</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Your work: to guide through ill, through good,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Both land and town in that pure mood</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Of truth that shuns iniquity. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">The <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Judges</b> and the concourse of <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Athenians</b> have now formed into procession, to escort the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</b> to their Cavern.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td id="the-eumenides-2-td-177" epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus of Athenians</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Rejoice, rejoice! And as ye go your ways</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">In rich apportionment of blissful days,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i6">Farewell, farewell!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Ye folk within the wall, approved</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">To neighbour Jove’s eternal eyes,<a href="#note-49" id="noteref-49" epub:type="noteref">49</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Ye lovers of the Well-beloved,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">The Virgin Spirit, timely wise,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">The wings of Pallas fold above you,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Therefore shall Zeus the Father love you.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Fare ye well also. I must go</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Before you, guiding, to make bright</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Your secret chambers<a href="#note-50" id="noteref-50" epub:type="noteref">50</a> with the light,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">The holy light, they dared not know.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Come, and when deep beneath the veil</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Of earth ye pass, ’mid offering high,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Hold down the evil that shall die,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Send up the good that shall prevail.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Ye sons of Cranaos, guide them, till</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">These Wanderers rest within your doors:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">With them one City now is yours;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">Be one in working and in will!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus of Athenians</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">Rejoice, rejoice! I raise my voice again,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">To speak that bliss that overtowereth pain.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i6">Farewell, farewell!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Furies</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i2">All things within the Wall that dwell,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">All gods and men, that are or were;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">All life from Pallas’ citadel</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">Which draws its being, I am here:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">These Dwellers in your gates adore,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">And fear the tides of Life no more!</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>The prayers they have uttered o’er my land I praise;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And speed them on, ’mid many a torch’s blaze,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>To that most deep and subterranean end Of wandering.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Let these ministers, who tend</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Mine image, follow; righteous warders they.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Let all the fullness of the land this day,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Children, and wives and women bent with years,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Come forth: do worship to these Wanderers</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Accepted in their robes of crimson dye.<a href="#note-51" id="noteref-51" epub:type="noteref">51</a></span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Let leap the flash of fire. This great</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Ally Shall be revealed and proven in the fate</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Of Athens, if her men be true and great.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Chorus of Athenians</td>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:song">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Gather ye home; are ye great, do ye crave adoration,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">O childless Children of Night in the pride of your going?</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">(Give good words, O Folk of the Fold!)</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Aeonian caverns of glory are yours, and oblation</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">Of worship, and sacrifice high, and praise overflowing.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i2">(Give good words, O young men and old!)</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>Come with the Law that can pardon, the Judgement that knoweth,</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">O Semnai, Semnai, watchers o’er people and land;</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>And joy be a-stream in your ways, as the fire that bloweth</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i3">A-stream from beacon and brand. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">A cry of joy rises above the singing.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>Outpour ye the Chalice of Peace where the torches are blending:</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i1">In Pallas the place it is found and the task it is done.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>The Law that is Fate and the Father the All-Comprehending</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i4">Are here met together as one. <i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">Again a cry of joy as the Procession passes out of sight.</i></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="endnotes" epub:type="endnotes backmatter">
|
||
<h2 epub:type="title">Endnotes</h2>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li id="note-1" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>See <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Rise of the Greek Epic</i>, <abbr>Edn.</abbr> 3, <abbr>p.</abbr> 276 <abbr>ff.</abbr> <a href="#noteref-1" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-2" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p><i epub:type="se:name.publication.book">Five Stages of Greek Religion</i>, Chapter <span epub:type="z3998:roman">II</span>. <a href="#noteref-2" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-3" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>See the last verses of the play. On the political circumstances which gave point to the poet’s doctrine of Reconciliation see <a href="#note-41">note 41</a> and <a href="#note-47">note 47</a>. <a href="#noteref-3" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-4" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The Scene is conceived as different in different parts of the play, but probably no actual change was made. A stage with the usual “House” background, representing a Temple or Castle, with a round orchestra (dancing floor) on a lower level in front, will suit all the needs of the action. A statue of Athena in place of the Omphalos Altar will turn the “House” from the Temple of Apollo at Delphi to that of Athena in Athens. A semicircle of seats, or something similar, will symbolize the Areopagus. Compare the change of scene in the Choëphoroe, where Agamemnon’s Grave seems to be in the centre of the orchestra while the “House” represents the palace of Aigisthos, and the action of the play is now at one, now at the other. <a href="#noteref-4" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-5" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The priestess first praises the Holders of the Throne of prophecy at Delphi—Earth, Themis, Phoebe, Apollo; then the other divine beings in the neighbourhood, including the River Pleistos, and ending suitably with Zeus the Perfector or Accomplisher (<i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">Teleios</i>). The ordinary legend told of Apollo’s battle with a dragon, born of Earth, and the anger of Earth thereafter; Aeschylus insists that there was never any strife among the gods at Delphi. <a href="#noteref-5" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-6" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Apollo was at Delos, his rocky isle with the “orbèd mere” in it, when he heard of the gift made to him, and set off to take possession of Delphi. <a href="#noteref-6" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-7" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Literally: “Loxias is the forth-shower (<i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">prophêtês</i>) of Zeus the Father”: Loxias is the special title of Phoebus Apollo as prophet: the line is important for the understanding of the play. <a href="#noteref-7" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-8" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Bromios and Pentheus: the story is given in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Bacchae</i> of Euripides. <a href="#noteref-8" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-9" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“Blood on his hand, <abbr>etc.</abbr>”: as if he had come straight from the murder. To inquire why the blood is still wet, and to explain that it is only the blood of swine killed in purification (ll. 284, 450), is to treat the matter too realistically. <a href="#noteref-9" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-10" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>This account prepares the audience for the appearance of the Erinyes, who had apparently not been represented on the stage before. They are not exactly like the Gorgons, nor yet like the winged Harpies who swept away Phineus’ food. <a href="#noteref-10" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-11" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p><b>Stage Direction</b>. We do not know how the inner shrine was shown, whether by wide doors or by the drawing of a curtain. <a href="#noteref-11" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-12" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“Born for wickedness and sorrow”: <abbr epub:type="z3998:initialism">i.e.</abbr> they exist for the punishment of sin, and nothing else. But see Introduction, <a href="#introduction-p-5">paragraph</a>. <a href="#noteref-12" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-13" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The City of Pallas is Athens, her Rock the Acropolis. <a href="#noteref-13" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-14" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Hermes: he is not present, but is invoked as the regular Guide of the Wanderer. “Zeus pitieth, <abbr>etc.</abbr>”: this is the essential doctrine of the play. <a href="#noteref-14" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-15" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The Ghost. The Ghost is a Dream, and vanishes as the Furies wake. This does not mean that to an ancient poet the Ghost was unreal, but that a Dream was real. In the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.poem">Iliad</i> (Book <span epub:type="z3998:roman">II</span>, 6 <abbr>ff.</abbr>) the Dream behaves like any other messenger of Zeus. <a href="#noteref-15" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-16" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p><b epub:type="z3998:persona">Leader of Furies</b>. Homer speaks indifferently of “the Erinys” (singular) and “the Erinyes” (plural). Greek theology felt the difference between singular and plural far less than we do.</p>
|
||
<p>The Furies argue that Apollo has (1) broken the Law by stealing his favourite away from justice, and (2) defiled his own altar by bringing thither a man polluted with blood. <a href="#noteref-16" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-17" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Apollo speaks here, not as “forth-shower of Zeus,” but in his own person as a Hellenic God, hating this lust for punishment which the Furies show: if torture is what they want, let them go to Persia and the lands of the barbarians, where they can get it, but keep away from Hellas and Delphi. <a href="#noteref-17" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-18" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“And revilest us who guide his feet?” A quibble, which Apollo answers by another. <a href="#noteref-18" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-19" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“ ’Twas not one blood”: It is the Furies who first raise this sophism about the “common blood.” In reality such a plea on behalf of a wife who had murdered her husband would no more be admitted in ancient law than in modern. But the Erinyes are supposed by the poet to represent (1) the primitive “matriarchal” society which preceded the introduction of marriage and civic life, and (2) a blind law based on purely physical considerations: hence Apollo’s answer: “Your insistence on the physical blood-tie destroys all moral values. It is love and trust, not mere blood, that matter.” He has also a physiological argument with which to meet their quibble in the trial scene (<a href="#the-eumenides-2-span-114">here</a>). <a href="#noteref-19" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-20" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“Thou hast thy greatness by the Throne of God”: <abbr epub:type="z3998:initialism">i.e.</abbr> You have a Portion of your own, which you value as we value ours. <a href="#noteref-20" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-21" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Orestes has been hunted over the face of the world for years and has at last made his way, bleeding, to Athena’s Image in Athens. The Furies are only a short way behind, tracking him by the blood.</p>
|
||
<p>The question has been raised what Image of Athena this is, and whether the scene is on the Acropolis or the Areopagus, or elsewhere. To ask such a question is to press too hard the ideal geography of ancient poetry. The scene is Athens, though sometimes we may have to think of one part of Athens rather than another. Similarly, in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Helena</i> the scene is Egypt, though we are sometimes on the banks of the Nile, sometimes on the seashore, sometimes at the Isle of Pharos; so in the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Agamemnon</i> the beacon from Troy to Argos starts from Mount Ida. The real Mount Ida was about thirty miles in the wrong direction, but the ideal Ida was simply the mountain of Troy. <a href="#noteref-21" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-22" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“Parent or guest or god”: These are the three classes of persons towards whom primitive man has duties: (1) the gods; (2) the kindred, in which the parents take the chief place; (3) those aliens to whom he had specially bound himself by the tie of hospitality. <a href="#noteref-22" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-23" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Orestes calls Athena to come to his aid, and explains that his touch does not defile her Image, and that he is at liberty to speak.—The reasons are: first, it is so long ago and he has suffered so much. Even such a defilement as his does not last forever. Secondly, he was fully purified at Delphi in the regular way, new blood (of swine) being poured upon him to cover the old blood, and then both washed off together. Thirdly, he has, as a matter of fact, spoken to many people with no bad results to them.—It looks as if there was some ceremonial difficulty which Aeschylus had to meet, in making the unacquitted murderer embrace the Image of Athena or the Altar at Delphi. <a href="#noteref-23" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-24" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>According to one legend, the epithet “Tritonia,” traditionally applied to Athena, meant that she was born at Lake Tritonis in Libya. Phlegra was the scene of the Battle between the Gods and Giants; it is interesting that Aeschylus seems to conceive it as a continuous battle, not an incident in the past. <a href="#noteref-24" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-25" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Orestes’ prayer is followed by silence; a pause and no answer. Then the triumphant cry of the Fury, and the Binding Song to fix his despair. Then <a href="#the-eumenides-1-td-92">here</a>, when hope had failed, Athena’s entrance. <a href="#noteref-25" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-26" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>This song falls into two parts: a solemn and even philosophical statement of the place of the Avengers in the Cosmos, and a magical chorus or “Binding Song,” sinister and terrifying. “Binding charms” or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Defixiones</i> play a prominent part in ancient magic, and are sufficiently numerous to have a special volume of the <i lang="la" epub:type="se:name.publication.book" xml:lang="la">Corpus Inscriptionum</i> to themselves.</p>
|
||
<p>The Furies here explain that their business is to punish sin: they have no other function, and therefore are repugnant to the Gods—much as a hangman or a medieval torturer is, or was, repellent to ordinary society. Unjustly, since he was only doing his appointed duty. <a href="#noteref-26" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-27" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The Foe within the Dwelling. A murderer is one who behaves like the enemy inside his own household. <a href="#noteref-27" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-28" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Athena comes from Sigêum in the neighbourhood of Troy, which in the time of Aeschylus had long been part of the Athenian Empire. Tradition said that it had been given by the Greek army to the “Sons of Theseus” (the Athenians) for their services in the Trojan War. <a href="#noteref-28" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-29" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>In the <abbr>MS.</abbr> two alternative lines are given, one to be used if Athena entered flying <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ex machina</i> through the air, the other if it was more convenient for her to enter on a chariot. I have chosen the first. (The other may be translated:</p>
|
||
<blockquote epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span class="i6">Thence came I speeding, these young steeds of war</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span class="i6">Impetuous yoked beneath my fiery car.)</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="#noteref-29" epub:type="backlink">↩</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-30" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The dialogue between Athena and the Furies is significant. They state their position impressively: to ordinary gods and mortals they are abominable, but Night loves them and “the wronged ones in the darkness” see in them their prayers personified. On the other hand, Athena’s question in l. 426, “What motive had he?” is just what they cannot answer or consider. “He has sinned; smite him,” is the whole of their doctrine.</p>
|
||
<p>This explains the point about the oath. The Furies follow the old ordeal by oath: the only trial permitted to the accused man is that both parties can be made to swear. If the accused can swear that he did not commit the crime, well and good. If he cannot, he is guilty. This leaves out of account any inquiry into justification or extenuating circumstances or even intention. Hence Athena condemns it, and eventually substitutes a trial by free inquiry into the whole of the facts. <a href="#noteref-30" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-31" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“A mystery graver to decide Than mortal dreameth.” Because it involves the whole problem of forgiveness. To reject the suppliant who has tried his best to do right is an offence; yet to save a particular sinner from the due consequence of his sin is an offence too. If one guilty man is to go unpunished, what remains of the Law? Athena decides to found a tribunal to inquire into the whole case and decide as it may think just, and this is the origin of the famous Court of the Areopagus. The Furies, as soon as they hear of this newfangled form of trial, are bewildered and begin to feel that they have been deceived. Their simple rule, that the doer shall suffer, is no longer holding good. <a href="#noteref-31" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-32" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The above leads on to the main argument of this fine lyric. “Spare the criminal, and the law is broken; and then there will be no protection for the helpless and innocent. Society cannot do without Fear, though of course it must be the Fear of Law. The righteous and law-fearing man may suffer, but is never utterly lost; the lawbreaker may succeed for a time, but in the end he is destroyed.” <a href="#noteref-32" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-33" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The Trial Scene, though curious, is perhaps below the level of the rest of the play. For one thing, I think it is deliberately set, like the play scene in <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Hamlet</i>, one remove further from reality. As the play in general is to real life, so is the Trial Scene to the play. Further, the acquittal of Orestes does not depend on the arguments used in the trial, but on the Will of Zeus, which is an ultimate fact not dependent on argument. The interest lies in the foundation of the Court of the Areopagus, as a tribunal superseding the blood-feud, the ordeal by oath, and all the rigid and unreasoning practices of primitive justice, by a justice which can understand and therefore sympathize.</p>
|
||
<p>The arguments run roughly as follows:—</p>
|
||
<table epub:type="z3998:drama">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Prosecution</td>
|
||
<td>Did the prisoner kill his mother? He admits it. He must die.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Defence</td>
|
||
<td>Apollo ordered him to kill, because she had killed her husband.—Why did you not pursue her?</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Prosecution</td>
|
||
<td>A husband is not a blood relation. (A mere quibble, like Portia’s pound of flesh without blood.)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Defence</td>
|
||
<td>If it comes to that, neither is a mother. The best physiologists say that the human mother is in function exactly like Mother Earth. She provides the soil for the seed, she does not provide the seed itself.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Prosecution</td>
|
||
<td>A monstrous doctrine, to deny a mother’s sacred blood!</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Defence</td>
|
||
<td>No more monstrous than to deny the bond between husband and wife.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Apollo’s Evidence</td>
|
||
<td>When I commanded the prisoner to kill his mother I merely revealed the Will of Zeus. That is the highest of all laws.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Cross-Examined</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>“If Zeus thinks so much of the sanctity of the father, does he think nothing of the mother?”—“The two cases were not parallel.” “Did not Zeus bind his own father?”—“You are trying to make mischief. Zeus knows how to repair any wrong he may have done in the past. He learns and heals.”</p>
|
||
<p>“Are you not polluted by touching a murderer?”</p>
|
||
<p>“No: Zeus himself touched and forgave the first murderer, Ixion, when he came to him in supplication.”</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td epub:type="z3998:persona">Athena</td>
|
||
<td><i epub:type="z3998:stage-direction">To the <b epub:type="z3998:persona">Judges</b>.</i> Decide according to your consciences; for me, I belong utterly to Zeus and my will is his will. Therefore my vote is for acquittal.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="#noteref-33" epub:type="backlink">↩</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-34" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Apparently seats are placed on the Stage or round the Orchestra for the Judges. They are accompanied by a crowd of Athenian citizens, women and children among them, who form the Chorus in the final scene. See <a href="#the-eumenides-2-td-177">here</a>. <a href="#noteref-34" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-35" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Apollo appears both as a witness and as a patron or sympathizer: quite an important character in ancient justice. <a href="#noteref-35" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-36" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The three bouts: of an ordinary wrestling match. <a href="#noteref-36" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-37" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“I can no more”: Orestes is at the end of his forces. He can speak no more, and merely longs to have his fate settled somehow. <abbr>Cf.</abbr> his words to Athena, <a href="#the-eumenides-1-td-137">here</a>. <a href="#noteref-37" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-38" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>A marble bed, <abbr class="eoc">etc.</abbr> The text seems defective here. The same kind of marble vessel served both as a bath and as a sarcophagus. <a href="#noteref-38" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-39" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Did he not bind his father and his king: There is often an awkward clash between the Zeus of Aeschylus’ exalted conception and the Zeus of accepted mythology. Still, it is quite in consonance with Aeschylus’ conception that Zeus should have done violence; and then learned better and made amends. <a href="#noteref-39" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-40" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p><abbr>Cf.</abbr> <a href="#the-eumenides-2-span-45">here</a>. This theory of generation was largely held in antiquity, and has only been disproved in recent times. See Aristotle, <i lang="la" epub:type="se:name.publication.book" xml:lang="la">De Gen <abbr>Anim.</abbr></i>, Book 4. <abbr>Eur.</abbr>, <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Orestes</i>, 552 <abbr>ff.</abbr> <a href="#noteref-40" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-41" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>What none before hath given: <abbr epub:type="z3998:initialism">i.e.</abbr> hitherto they have only gone by mechanical tests and ordeals; now they have tried to find the full truth. The Council of the Areopagus was a Council of Elders, of the type usual in ancient Indo-European Societies, reinforced, like the Roman Senate by the co-optation of all ex-magistrates (“Archontes”). It exercised a general supervision over the state, especially in matters of religious pollution. At the time of the Persian invasion it seems to have been the only organ of the constitution which held firm, and consequently for the next seventeen years it exercised a predominant influence over Athens. In the year 461–460, three years before this play, its political powers were severely cut down by the democratic party led by Ephialtes, but its jurisdiction in cases of blood-pollution was left. If we ask what the political bearing of the <i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">Eumenides</i> was, in a time of fierce party feeling, the answer is not hard to find. Aeschylus preaches reconciliation (<a href="#the-eumenides-2-td-161">here</a>) and magnifies the original function of the Areopagus, which it still retains. <a href="#noteref-41" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-42" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>One thrown pebble: A proverb referring to the pebble or stone of the seashore used for voting. (<abbr>Cf.</abbr> <a href="#the-eumenides-2-span-196">here</a>). <a href="#noteref-42" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-43" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>An Argive alliance was traditional in Athens. However, after this one passionate speech we almost forget Orestes. His case has raised an issue so much greater than itself. <a href="#noteref-43" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-44" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Athena’s speeches. It is difficult to say what particular plea of Athena’s won the Erinyes over, and transformed them to “Eumenides (Kindly Ones).” The effect of her patience and persuasion was cumulative. But l. 885 gives the essential test: “Do they believe in Persuasion, which is the gift of Zeus and the office of Athena?” That is, “Do they admit that there is a place in the Law for reason and understanding?” If so, they will accept their new position, expressing a truer law than the old. <a href="#noteref-44" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-45" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The Younger Gods are the Gods of the new dispensation, the followers of Zeus. <a href="#noteref-45" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-46" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Why should marriage and childbirth fall under the special charge of the Erinyes? Because the Chthonian (or underworld) Powers punish transgression by barrenness and similar curses, while they reward normal conduct by sending up the fruits of the Earth, including the young of animals and men. Also the old female goddesses, dating from matriarchal times, were naturally concerned with women’s affairs. <a href="#noteref-46" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-47" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>The ungodly: The Erinyes carry on the same functions as before, but their “Moira” as punishers of the guilty falls into its due proportion. <a href="#noteref-47" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-48" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>“War with the stranger, yes … but not the mad bird-rage that slays at home”: The dates here are significant: <abbr epub:type="se:era z3998:initialism">BC</abbr> 461 Kimon, the aristocratic leader, banished: 460 the Areopagus attacked and reduced in power: in return Ephialtes, the democratic leader, murdered. 458: An inscription of this year has been found, which records the names of Athenian citizens killed in war on five different fronts—amazing energy for a single city: 457 Battle of Tanagra: Kimon asks to be allowed to fight in the Athenian ranks; the request is refused, but his friends take his armour into battle with them and place it at their head. After the battle, which ended in defeat, Kimon is recalled.—War, faction and reconciliation in abundance! <abbr epub:type="z3998:name-title">Mr.</abbr> <abbr epub:type="z3998:given-name">R. W.</abbr> Livingstone in <i epub:type="se:name.publication.book"><abbr epub:type="z3998:initialism">J.H.S.</abbr></i> <span epub:type="z3998:roman">XLV</span> <abbr>pp.</abbr> 120 <abbr>ff.</abbr> has emphasized the influence which this feud-torn atmosphere must have had in leading Aeschylus to his gospel of forgiveness. <a href="#noteref-48" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-49" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>To neighbour Jove’s eternal eyes: The great Olympieum, or Temple of Zeus Olympios, was on the plain a little way from the Acropolis. <a href="#noteref-49" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-50" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Your secret chambers: Amid the limestone rocks of the Areopagus was a chasm through which rose a spring of dark water. It was held to be a way to the Underworld. It also led to the seat of these goddesses, called generally Semnai (Venerable) or Eumenides (Kindly Ones) because their real name, Erinyes, was rather too awful for common use. <a href="#noteref-50" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="note-51" epub:type="endnote">
|
||
<p>Robes of crimson dye: The late Walter Headlam pointed out that a crimson robe was the mark of a <i lang="grc-Latn" xml:lang="grc-Latn">metoikos</i> or “resident alien” received in Athens. That is what the Erinyes became when they accepted their cavern. <a href="#noteref-51" epub:type="backlink">↩</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="colophon" epub:type="colophon backmatter">
|
||
<header>
|
||
<h2 epub:type="title">Colophon</h2>
|
||
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epub:type="z3998:publisher-logo se:image.color-depth.black-on-transparent"/>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<p><i epub:type="se:name.publication.play">The Eumenides</i><br/>
|
||
was completed circa 458 <abbr epub:type="se:era z3998:initialism">BC</abbr> by<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>.<br/>
|
||
It was translated from Ancient Greek in <time>1925</time> by<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Murray">Gilbert Murray</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>This ebook was produced for<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://standardebooks.org/">Standard Ebooks</a><br/>
|
||
by<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/emma-sweeney-554927190/">Emma Sweeney</a>,<br/>
|
||
and is based on a transcription produced in <time>2012</time> by<br/>
|
||
<b epub:type="z3998:personal-name">James Wright</b> and <a href="https://www.pgdpcanada.net/">Distributed Proofreaders Canada</a><br/>
|
||
for<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20121108">Faded Page</a><br/>
|
||
and on digital scans from the<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://archive.org/details/eumenidesthefuri0000aesc">Internet Archive</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The cover page is adapted from<br/>
|
||
<i epub:type="se:name.visual-art.painting">Orestes Pursued by the Furies</i>,<br/>
|
||
a painting completed in <time>1862</time> by<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a>.<br/>
|
||
The cover and title pages feature the<br/>
|
||
<b epub:type="se:name.visual-art.typeface">League Spartan</b> and <b epub:type="se:name.visual-art.typeface">Sorts Mill Goudy</b><br/>
|
||
typefaces created in <time>2014</time> and <time>2009</time> by<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://www.theleagueofmoveabletype.com/">The League of Moveable Type</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The first edition of this ebook was released on<br/>
|
||
<time datetime="2024-09-23T21:48:07Z">September 23, 2024, 9:48 <abbr class="eoc">p.m.</abbr></time><br/>
|
||
You can check for updates to this ebook, view its revision history, or download it for different ereading systems at<br/>
|
||
<a href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/aeschylus/the-eumenides/gilbert-murray">standardebooks.org/ebooks/aeschylus/the-eumenides/gilbert-murray</a>.</p>
|
||
<p>The volunteer-driven Standard Ebooks project relies on readers like you to submit typos, corrections, and other improvements. Anyone can contribute at <a href="https://standardebooks.org/">standardebooks.org</a>.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="uncopyright" epub:type="copyright-page backmatter">
|
||
<h2 epub:type="title">Uncopyright</h2>
|
||
<blockquote epub:type="z3998:verse">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<span>May you do good and not evil.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.</span>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<span>May you share freely, never taking more than you give.</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p>Copyright pages exist to tell you that you <em>can’t</em> do something. Unlike them, this Uncopyright page exists to tell you that the writing and artwork in this ebook are believed to be in the United States public domain; that is, they are believed to be free of copyright restrictions in the United States. The United States public domain represents our collective cultural heritage, and items in it are free for anyone in the United States to do almost anything at all with, without having to get permission.</p>
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